Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone density, Bone Variation Flashcards Preview

Spinal Anatomy Primary > Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone density, Bone Variation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cells, Matrix, Ossification, Bone density, Bone Variation Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are the four basic tissues of the human body?

A

Epithelial, muscle, neural, connective

2
Q

What is the function of each bone type?

A

Osteoblasts: form bone
Osteocyte: maintain or nurture bone
Osteoclasts: remodel bone

3
Q

What are the bone cells embedded in?

A

amphorae matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals

4
Q

What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?

A

glycosaminoglycans

5
Q

What types of glycosaminoglycans predominate in bone?

A

chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate and hyaluronic acid

6
Q

What is the principal type of protein fiber?

A

collagen type 1

7
Q

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

A

hydroxyapatite

8
Q

Bone is also the respository for what additional ions?

A

sodium, magnesium, fluoride, lead, strontium, radium

9
Q

What is wolff’s law as it pertains to bone?

A

living tissue will respond the stressors; bone is formed or absorbed in response to various stressors

10
Q

What three responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?

A

has ability to heal, age, and remodel under stressors and to age

11
Q

Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissue?

A

Mesenchyme and or cartilage

12
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

A

intramembranous ossification

13
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?

A

from the second to the third month in utero

14
Q

What part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

the skull

15
Q

Which of the skull bones are derived from intramembranous ossification?

A

nasal, palatine, vomer, lacrimal, zygomatic, maxilla, frontal, parietal, most of mandible, the squama of the temporal and occipital bones and the greater wing of the sphenoid

16
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is particularly formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

clavicle

17
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

A

endochondral ossification

18
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of ossification in cartilage?

A

second to fifth month in utero

19
Q

What part of the skull is derived from endochondral ossification?

A

chondrocranium (inferior nasal concha, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital)

20
Q

Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

mandible, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

TOMS

21
Q

Which bones of the appendicular skeletons formed by both endochondral and intramembranous ossification?

A

The clavicle

22
Q

Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?

A

cortical or compact bone and spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone

23
Q

What is the name given to the bone below an articulating surface?

A

subchondral bone

24
Q

What is the name of the outer fiber-cellular covering of bone?

A

the periosteum

25
Q

What is the name given to the fiber-cellular line of bone?

A

endosteum

26
Q

What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

A

sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic variation, geographical variation, idiosyncratic variation