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Immunology > Cells & Tissues (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Cells & Tissues (Exam 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Process of differentiation/formation of red and white blood cells in bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of leukocyte progenitor cells?

A

myeloid progenitor cells
lymphoid progenitor cells

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3
Q

List the 5 types of myeloid progenitor cells

A
  1. erythrocytes (RBCs)
  2. monocytes
  3. granulocytes
  4. megakaryocytes
  5. dendritic cells
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4
Q

What 4 cells are considered granulocytes (myeloid origin)?

A
  1. neutrophil
  2. eosinophil
  3. basophil
  4. mast cell
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5
Q

What are the 3 cell types that come from lymphoid progenitor cells?

A
  1. B lymphocytes
  2. T lymphocytes
  3. natural killer (NK) cells
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6
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

direct harm to pathogens via granules; inflammation

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7
Q

Function of basophils & mast cells

A

inflammation + allergies

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8
Q

Function of eosinophils

A

antiviral/antiparasitic activity

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9
Q

Monocytes are from _______ progenitor cells and become _______ once migrating into the tissues.

A

myeloid
macrophages

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10
Q

Function of monocytes

A

repair, destroy pathogens, present antigens

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11
Q

(T/F) Tissue-resident macrophages come from the bone marrow.

A

False

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12
Q

Where do tissue-resident macophages come from?

A

fetal yolk sac or fetal liver

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13
Q

What cells give rise to the development of all RBCs and WBCs?

A

pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells

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14
Q

(Neutrophils/macrophages) rapidly ingest microbes while (neutrophils/macrophages) slowly ingest them.

A

neutrophils
macrophages

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15
Q

While tissue-resident macrophages are from the fetal yolk sac or fetal liver, other macrophages are from _________.

A

bone marrow

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16
Q

Neutrophil lifespan vs. Macrophages lifespan (inflammatory & tissue)

A

neutrophil: 1-2 days
macrophages:
inflammatory- days or weeks
tissue-resident- years

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17
Q

(Macrophages/neutrophils) have prominent reactive oxygen species while the other is less prominent.

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

________ have low levels to no nitric oxide while _______ have high levels.

A

neutrophils
macrophages

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19
Q

(T/F) Macrophages undergo prominent degranulation.

A

False - neutrophils (not prominent in macrophages)

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20
Q

______ production is low in neutrophils and prominent in macrophages.

A

cytokine

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21
Q

Neutrophils extrude their DNA in a processed called:

A

NET formation

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22
Q

What form of cell death do macrophages undergo?

A

pyroptosis

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23
Q

Which cell types make up phagocytic cells?

Study These Flashcards
A

neutrophils + macrophages

24
Q

What are 2 functions of phagocytic cells?

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A
  1. take up & destroy microbes
  2. induce healing of damaged tissue
25
What are the 4 main types of dendritic cells?
1. classical DC 2. plasmacytoid DC 3. monocyte-derived DC 4. langerhans cells
26
What are the 2 types of classical DC cells?
cDC1 cDC2
27
Match each dendritic cell type to whether its immunity is innate, adaptive, or both: 1. cDC1 2. cDC2 3. plasmacytoid 4. monocyte-derived 5. langerhans
1. adaptive 2. both 3. innate 4. innate 5. both
28
2 functions of cDC1 dendritic cells
1. capture and cross-present antigens to CD8+ T cells 2. induce Th1 responses
29
cDC2 dendritic cells are also known as what? (2)
helper T cells or CD4 cells
30
Function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. What do they release?
antiviral immunity release type I interferons
31
Function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells
source of inflammatory cytokines
32
What is the innate function of cDC2 dendritic cells? Adaptive function?
innate: source of inflammatory source adaptive: capture & present antigen to CD4+ T cells)
33
What is the innate function of Langerhans cells? Adaptive?
innate: inflammatory cytokine source adaptive: capture & present antigen to CD4+ T cells
34
Term for cell membrane proteins on cell surface which help to ID cells of the immune system
clusters of differentiation
35
List the 5 main classes of lymphocytes
1. ab T lymphocytes 2. gd T lymphocytes 3. B lymphocytes 4. NK cells 5. NKT cells
36
What are the 3 subgroups of ab T lymphocytes?
CD4+ Helper T cells CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells regulatory T cells
37
What are the CD markers for CD4+ Helper T cells?
CD3+ CD4+ CD8-
38
What are the CD markers for CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells?
CD3+ CD4- CD8+
39
What are the CD markers for regulatory T cells?
CD3+ CD4+ CD25+
40
What are the CD markers for gd T lymphocytes?
CD3+ CD4 CD8
41
What are the CD markers for B lymphocytes?
Fc receptors class II MHC CD19 CD21
42
What are the NK cell CD markers?
CD16 (Fc receptors for IgG)
43
What are the NKT cell CD markers?
CD16 (Fc receptor for IgG) CD3
44
Difference between primary lymphoid vs. secondary lymphoid organ
primary: where lymphocytes develop secondary: where lymphocytes become activated
45
MALT stands for _________ and is an example of a (primary/secondary) lymphoid organ.
mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue secondary
46
Where do lymphocytes mature?
primary lymphoid organs
47
Thymus is a site for ____ cell maturation.
T cell
48
Term for immature T cells in thymus
thymocytes
49
In the lymph node, B and T cells are separated by ________.
microenvironments
50
Within the lymph node, B cells reside in the _______ and T cells reside in the _______.
cortex paracortex
51
How are antigens delivered to lymph nodes?
antigens enter via dendritic cells through afferent lymphatic vessels
52
The spleen is the first defense against what?
bloodborne pathogens
53
Main function of spleen
filter for blood
54
Spleen filters the blood by removing damaged _______ and _______ microbes.
blood cells opsonized
55
Within the spleen, WBCs are present in the ______ while RBCs are in the ________.
white pulp red pulp
56
_________ is the region of macrophages and B cells that border the white pulp.
marginal zone

Immunology (17 decks)

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