Cellular Adaptation Flashcards Preview

Pathology Review > Cellular Adaptation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cellular Adaptation Deck (11)
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1
Q

2 hallmarks of irreversible cell injury

A
  1. Membrane destruction

2. Mitochondrial damage (no ETC)

2
Q

Necrosis:

  1. Pyknosis
  2. Karyolysis
  3. Karyhorrhexis
A
  1. Nuclear shrinkage (because a small basophilic mass)
  2. Decreased basophilia of chromatin (loss of DNA)
  3. Fragmentation of nucleus
3
Q

What leaks out of the mitochondrial membrane causing apoptosis for both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?

A

Cytochrome c

4
Q

Common apoptosis pathway

  1. Pro apoptotic proteins
  2. Anti apoptotic proteins
A
  1. BAX-BAK

2. BCL2

5
Q

Intrinsic apoptotic pathway caspace

A

Caspace 9

6
Q

Extrinsic apoptitic pathway caspace

A
Caspace 8
Caspace 10 (human)
7
Q

Necroptosis is caspace independent; is activates what complexes?

A
  1. RIP 1 and RIP 3
8
Q

Russell bodies are seen in what cells?

A

Plasma cells producing excessive Immunoglobulins

9
Q

Lipofuschin is the wear and tear pigment; it is a sign of?

A

Free radical injury: (lipids inside complex)

10
Q

What substance is black in urine of alkaptonuria?

A

Homogentisic acid (ochronosis)

11
Q

Nutrient deficiency increases longevity by?

A

Decreasing IGF/insulin signaling leading to INCREASED sirtuins