cellular resp

Question 1

what is the main focus of cellular resp -

Answer 1

to turn glucose into energy

Question 2

step 1

Answer 2

glucose is phosphorylated into glucose 6 phosphate ( the phosphate comes from ATP-> ADP)

Question 3

what enzyme is used in step 1

Answer 3

hexokinase ( hexo 6= kinase =phoshate adding helps facilite the reaction addiction of phosphate

Question 4

what cofactor is used in step 1

Answer 4

mg2+ , helps with the binding of ATP to enzymes hexokinase

Question 5

is step one reversible ?

Answer 5

no ( high energy change )

Question 6

irreversibility and reversibility

Answer 6

comes down to Low or hight energy change

Question 7

step 2

Answer 7

glucose 6 phosphate is process into fructose 6 phosphate.

Question 8

what enzyme is used in step 2 ?

Answer 8

phosphoglucose isomerase , it doesnt add or sub atoms. I just changes the shape

Question 9

is step 2 reversible ?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

step 3

Answer 10

F6P transforms into fructose 1,6 biphosphate

by phosphorylation of ATP

Question 11

which enzyme is used ?

Answer 11

1-phosphofructosekinase

Question 12

is step 3 reversible ?

Answer 12

no (hight energy level )

Question 13

step 4

Answer 13

is the cleavage of fructose

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is cleaved into two three-carbon molecules which are

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 14

which enzyme is used ?

Answer 14

aldolase

Question 15

is step 4 reversible ?

Answer 15

yes ( low energy )

Question 16

step 5

Answer 16

this is the investment phases

DAP into G3P

Question 17

which enzyme is used ?

Answer 17

a 3 keto sugar = triosphospate phosphate isomerase

Question 18

is step 5 reversible ?

Answer 18

yes ( Low energy )

Question 19

step 1 to step 5 product

Answer 19

glucose into 2 G3P

Question 20

step 5 to step 6

Answer 20

double everything

Question 21

step 6 payoff phase

Answer 21

2G3P + 2phosphate group = 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate = oxidation reaction

when this happens 2NAD+ is turned into 2NADH ( they get H from oxidation)
2G3P and 2NAD/H because double

Question 22

which enzyme is used

Answer 22

Enzyme used is glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase

this removed H

Question 23

step 7

Answer 23

we lost a p group
p was used for 2ADP to 2ATP = sub level phos
1,3BGP -> 3 phosphoglycerate

Question 24

what enzyme was used

Answer 24

kinase enzyme = phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 25

what cofactor was used

Answer 25

Use a cofactor of mg2+

Question 26

step 8

Answer 26

3 phosphoglycerate -> 2 phosphoglycerate( p group was positionally moved)

Question 27

what enzyme was used

Answer 27

mutase ( isomerase enzyme - function is to move functional group to another ) = phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 28

what cofactor was used

Answer 28

Catalyze reversible reaction with cofactor mg2+

Question 29

step 9

Answer 29

Water is a product of this reaction = dehydration We lost H and OH 2 phosphoglycerate-> phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 30

which enzyme was used

Answer 30

Enzyme used is enolase ( the reaction proceeds with enolic intermediate )

Question 31

step 10

Answer 31

PEP -> pyruvate P group transferred ADP to ATP 2 pyruvate , 2 ATP and 2ADP -> 4 ATP and 4 ADP Step 1 and 3 made used up 2 ATP Step 7 and 10 made 4 ATP

Question 32

what enzyme was used

Answer 32

Enzyme pyruvate kinase

Question 33

which cofactor was used

Answer 33

Cofactor mg2+ and K +