cellular resp.

Question 1

what is the waste product of photosynthesis?

Answer 1

CO2 and water

Question 2

respiration breaks this fuel down and generates———

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

what are the raw material of photosynthesis?

Answer 3

co2 and water

Question 4

what examples of tasks do living cells need energy for?

Answer 4

assembling polymers, pumping substances across membranes, moving, reproducing

Question 5

where does the ultimate energy in the cells come from?

Answer 5

the sun

Question 6

what are the three main pathways of respiration?

Answer 6

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 7

Catabolic pathways are metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules.

Question 8

with the help of ———-, a cell systematically degrades complex organic molecules that are rich in potential energy to simpler waste products that have less energy

Answer 8

enzymes

Question 9

what is fermentation?

Answer 9

Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen

Question 10

what is the most efficient catabolic pathway?

Answer 10

cellular respiration

Question 11

how does cellular respiration work?

Answer 11

oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel

Question 12

in eukaryotic cells,———- house most of the metabolic equipments for cellular respiration

Answer 12

mithochondria

Question 13

Respiration is similar to what?

Answer 13

combustion of gasoline

Question 14

organic compound + oxygen——–>

Answer 14

carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 15

C6H12O6 + 6O2———->

Answer 15

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP+heat)

Question 16

Why do the catabolic pathways that decompose glucose and other organic fuels yield energy?

Answer 16

the relocation of electrons releases energy stored in organic molecules

Question 17

what is Redox reaction?

Answer 17

Oxidation Reduction

Question 18

what is the generalize reaction for Redox reaction?

Answer 18

xe- +y ———> x + ye-

Question 19

which are better fuels, molecules that have more hydrogen or molecules that have more oxygen?

Answer 19

molecules that have more Hydrogen. This is because their bonds are a source of hilltop (potential energy) electrons whose energy may be released these electrons fall down (as figure of speech)

Question 20

what happens when glucose gets oxidized by respiration?

Answer 20

respiration liberates stored energy from glucose and makes it available for ATP synthesis

Question 21

what are the main foods?

Answer 21

carboydrates and fats, reservior of electrons associated with hydrogen

Question 22

what is the reducing agent in the following reaction

pyruvate + NADH + H+ ——–> Lactate + NAD+

Answer 22

NADH

Question 23

The drives immediate energy source that drives ATP Synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is:

Answer 23

the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 24

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration?

Answer 24

glycolysis

Question 25

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reaction are provides:

Answer 25

the energy to establish the proton gradient

Question 26

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in oxydative phosphorylation is:

Answer 26

Oxygen

Question 27

when electron flows along the transport chain of mitochondria, what changes occurs?

Answer 27

The PH of matrix increases

Question 28

In the presence of metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibits all function of mitochondrial ATP synthase, what would you expect?

Answer 28

PH increases across mitochondrial membrane

Question 29

Cells do not catabolize carbon dioxide because:

Answer 29

CO2 is already completely oxidized

Question 30

What is the main distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration?

Answer 30

NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain only in cellular respiration

Question 31

Most CO2 from catabolism is produced during

Answer 31

the citric acid cycle

Question 32

In the following redox reaction, which compound is oxidized and which compound is reduced?
C4H6O5 + NAD+ ———> C4H4O5 + NADH+ H+

Answer 32

C4H6O5 is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced

Question 33

During the redox reaction in glycolysis,step6 figure 9.9, which molecule acts as the oxidizing agent?

Answer 33

NAD+ acts as oxidizing in step 6 accepting electrons from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 34

In which molecules is most of the energy from the citric acid cycles redox reactions conserved?
How these molecules convert their energy to a form that can be used to make ATP?

Answer 34

NADH and FADH2;

they will donate electron to the electron transport chain

Question 35

What cellular processes produce the carbon dioxide that you exhale?

Answer 35

CO2 is removed from pyruvate which is produced by glycolysis and CO2 is produced by citric acid cycle.

Question 36

What effect would an absence of O2 have on the process of Oxidative phosphorylation (figure 9.15) ?

Answer 36

Oxidative Phosphorylation would stop entirely, resulting in no ATP production. without oxygen to “pull” electrons down the electron transport chain, H+ would not be pumped into the mitochondrion inter membrane space
and chemiosmosis would not occur.

Question 37

In the absence of O2, as above, what do you think would happen if you decrease the PH of the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion?

Answer 37

Because addition of H+ (decreasing the PH) would establish a proton gradient even without the function of electron transport chain, we would expect ATP synthase to function and synthesize the ATP. ( in fact it was experiments like this one that supports for chemiosmosis as an energy-coupeling mechanism.

Question 38

Consider the NADH formed during the glycolysis. What is the final acceptor for its electrons during fermentation?

Answer 38

A derivative of pyruvate-either acetaldehyde during alcohol fermentation or pyruvate itself during lactic acid fermentation; oxygen

Question 39

A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic one. For the cell to continue generating ATP at the same rate, how would its rate of glucose consumption need to change?

Answer 39

The cell would need to consume glucose at the rate about 19 times the consumption rate in the aerobic environment ( 2 ATP are generated by fermentation per molecule of glucose versus up to 38 ATP by cellular respiration.