Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacotherapy > Central Nervous System Drugs > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Drugs Flashcards

Drug, indication, class, side effects (49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Klasifikasi kelas serta cara kerja Diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam

A

kelas : Benzodiazepin
cara kerja: Agonis receptor GABA (menenangkan)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

6 Indikasi diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam

A

Phobia
anti-anxiety (pre-anesthesia)
insomnia
Muscle spasm
Epilepsi
Sedatif

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apa 2 efek samping dari diazepam, lorazepam, dan midazolam?

A

ketergantungan dan CNS depression (dose dependent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ketergantungan kelas benzodiazepin (cth: diazepam,, lorazepam, midazolam) dapat diatasi dengan?

A

Flumazenil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kelas terratogen benzodiazepin

A

D atau X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

M & E diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam

A

M : @ liver become glucoronide
E: @ kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a patient is tolerant against diazepam (benzodiazepines), drug should be discontinued immediately. T/F?

A

F. Discontinue gradually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 indications for barbiturates

A

Antianxiety
Anesthesia
Anti-convulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

common anti-seizure barbiturate

A

phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

common short acting barbiturate (induce anesthesia)

A

sodium thiopental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 withdrawal symptom of phenobarbital dependent patient

A

cerebral seizure
psychosis
rem-rebound with nightmare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

5 phenobarbital and sodium thiopental side effect

A

Dose-dependent anterograde amnesia (short term memory loss)
enzyme induction
sleep phase changes
CNS depression
severe withdrawal side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 general withdrawal symptom of phenobarbital and sodium thiopental

A

tremor
weakness
hypersensitivity
fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 drug classes indicated for insomnia, from safest to most risky

A
  1. melatonin receptor agonist
    low abuse, no rebound insomnia, no significant withdrawal symptom, no dependence, not teratogenic
  2. newer hypnotics
    less potential for withdrawal and dependence, teratogen C (human risk cannot be ruled out)
  3. trichloethanol forming structures
    no impact on sleep cycle but fast tolerance
  4. Benzodiazepine
    dependence, tolerance, teratogen D or X (evidence of risk to human fetus or contraindicated in pregnancy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam can be used for anesthesia. T/F?

A

F. Benzodiazepines does not exhibit anesthetic effect even at high doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 drugs indicated for insomnia in the class of new hypnotics

A

zolpidem
zopiclone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

drug for insomnia in the class of melatonin receptor agonist

A

ramelteon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ramelteon A&M

A

A : rapid oral absorption
M : first pass metabolism result in active metabolite with longer half life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Drug for insomnia that forms trichloethanol

A

chloral hydrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 chloral hydrate side effects

Study These Flashcards
A

confusion
hepatotoxicity
allergy
nausea

21
Q

disadvantage of chloral hydrate as insomnia drug, aside from its side effects

Study These Flashcards
A

fast tolerance

22
Q

Drug classes indicated to treat anxiety

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Benzodiazepine (enhance GABA)
  2. Barbiturates (enhance GABA)
  3. 5-HT receptor agonist
23
Q

Drug indicated for chronic anxiety that works by enhancing 5-HT receptor

24
Q

Buspirone is an anxiolytic with no sedation. T/F?

25
1 disadvantage of buspirone as an anxiolytic compared to benzodiazepine and barbiturates
needs 1 week to become effective
26
3 advantages of buspirone (5-ht receptor agonist) compared to barbiturate and benzodiazepine as anxiolytics
no memory loss (vs barbiturate) no withdrawal symptom (vs barbiturate and benzodiazepine) no impact on motor skills (vs barbiturate)
27
4 advantages of Ramelteon (melatonin receptor agonist) as anti insomnia vs zolpidem and diazepam
low potential for abuse no rebound insomnia (diazepam>zolpidem) no significant withdrawal symptom (diazepam) no dependence (diazepam > zolpidem)
28
Teratogenicity category of zolpidem and zopiclone (new hypnotics)
C
29
1 advantage of chloral hydrate vs diazepam and zolpidem for insomnia
no impact on sleep cycle
30
General drug interaction of hypnotics-sedative drugs
additive effect with other CNS-depressant drugs
31
3 antiepileptic that work as GABA receptor agonist
benzodiazepine barbiturate vigabatrin
32
phenytoin, carbamazepine indication and MOA
antiepileptic, enhance Na+ channel inhibition, therefore delaying action potential
33
Gabapentin, valproic acid, ethosuximide, pregabalin indication and MOA
antiepileptic, inhibit Ca+, therefore inhibit action potential
34
Felbamate and rufinamide indication and MOA
antiepileptic, inhibit glutamate receptor, an excitatory neurotransmitter
35
2 general side effects of antiepileptic
enzyme induction CNS side effects
36
general side effect of gabapentin, valproic acid, ethosuximide, phenytoin, felbamate, and vigabatrin
enzyme induction CNS side effects
37
Antiepileptic indicated for partial seizures and MOA
gabapentin, inhibit Ca+
38
the antiepileptic valproic acid is contraindicated in pregnancy (especially during first trimester) because?
it causes fetal malformation (birth defects)
39
hormonal birth control might not work if taken with phenobarbital. T/F?
T
40
According to EMA (European medicines agency), valproic acid can be used to treat epilepsy in pregnant women under what conditions?
form of epilepsy is unresponsive to other anti-epileptic drugs
41
Which anticonvulsant is also used to treat neuropathy (nerve pain) in diabetic patients? which class is it?
Gabapentin, Ca+ channel inhibitor
42
One function of benzodiazepine is an anxiolytic. Does it has antipsychotic effect?
no, but it does have neurotic effects that help reduce phobias.
43
Haloperidol and chlorpromazine indication?
Schizophrenia
44
Haloperidol and chlorpromazine classification and MOA
Typical antipsychotic, block D2 receptor
45
Risperidone, clozapine, and ziprasidone classification and MOA
atypical antipsychotic, block D2 and other receptors
46
difference in disadvantages of haloperidol and chlorpromazine compared to risperidone, clozapine, and ziprasidone
Haloperidol and chlorpromazine (typical) : higher risk for movement disorder risperidone, clozapine, ziprasidone (atypical) : higher risk of metabolic side effect
47
Major tranquilizers are neuroleptics (depress nerve functions). What is neurolepsis?
Psychomotor slowing emotional quieting affective indifference
48
haloperidol and chlorpromazine could have parkinsons syndrome side effects (involuntary actions). T/F?
T
49
Side effect of chlorpromazine, haloperidol, risperidone, and clozapine?
Hormonal disorder Allergy Vegetative disorder Epileptic seizure Hypothermia Depression Photosensitization Impotence Loss of concentration Jaundice

Pharmacotherapy (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions