Cerebellum

Question 1

What separates the cerebellum from the pons and medulla?

Answer 1

Cavity of the fourth ventricle

Question 2

What is the name given to the connection between the two lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Answer 2

Vermis

Question 3

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

Answer 3

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

Question 4

What are the fissures of the cerebellum?

Answer 4

Primary fissure
Posterolateral fissure
Horizontal fissure

Question 5

What are the 3 functional divisions of the cerebellum?

Answer 5

Archicerebellum - vermis
Paleocerebellum - medial hemispheres
Neocerebellum - lateral hemispheres

Question 6

What nuclei are associated with the vermis of the cerebellum?

Answer 6

Fastigial
Vestibular

Question 7

What nuclei are associated with the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

Answer 7

Dentate

Question 8

Where does the input to the dentate nuclei in the cerebellum originate?

Answer 8

Premotor and primary motor cortexes

Question 9

Where does the input to the fastigial nuclei of the cerebellum originate?

Answer 9

Spinal cord
Vestibular nuclei

Question 9

Where does the input to the interposed nuclei of the cerebellum originate?

Answer 9

Primary motor cortex
Spinal cord

Question 10

What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the thalamus?

Answer 10

Dentate
Interposed

Question 11

What nuclei of the cerebellum sends outputs to the reticular formation?

Answer 11

Fastigial

Question 12

What nuclei of the cerebellum send outputs to the vestibular nuclei?

Answer 12

Fastigial
Vestibular

Question 13

What are the two sensory fibers found in the cerebellum?

Answer 13

Climbing fibers
Mossy fibers

Question 14

What runs through the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 14

All efferent from dentate and interposed
Some efferent from fastigial
Anterior spinocerebellar tract

Question 15

What runs through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 15

Fibers from contralateral pontine nuclei - inputs from cerebral cortex

Question 16

What runs through the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 16

Most afferents
Remaining efferents
Posterior spinocerebellar tract

Question 17

What are the primary input tracts to the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Anterior spinocerebellar
Posterior spinocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar
Vestibulocerebellar
Reticulocerebellar
Trigeminocerebellar
Olivocerebellar
Pontocerebellar

Question 18

What are the main connections for the efferents of the cerebellum?

Answer 18

Red nucleus
VA and VL nuclei of thalamus
Vestibular complex
Reticular formation

Question 19

What are the main arteries suppling the cerebellum with their branches?

Answer 19

Superior cerebellar A
Anterior inferior cerebellar A
Posterior inferior cerebellar A

Question 20

Which side of the body will a cerebellar lesion affect?

Answer 20

Ipsilateral side

Question 21

What are some of the signs of a cerebellar lesion?

Answer 21

Ataxia
Hypotonia
Intentional tremor
Rebound phenomenon
Dysdiadochokinesis
Titubation

Question 22

What is a sign of flocculonodular lobe lesion in addition to the general signs?

Answer 22

Nystagmus

Question 23

What are the folia of the cerebellum?

Answer 23

Large folds with a core of white matter

Question 24

What are the three histological layers of the cerebellum?

Answer 24

Molecular Purkinje Granular

Question 25

What are 2 types of neurons found in the molecular layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 25

Stellate Basket

Question 26

What is the histological description of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 26

Single layer Flask shaped cells

Question 27

What are the types of cells found in the granular layer of the cerebellum?

Answer 27

Granular cells Golgi type II cells Glomeruli

Question 28

What are the 3 general fiber groups found in the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 28

Intrinsic Afferent Efferent

Question 29

What is the purpose of the intrinsic fibers of the cerebellum?

Answer 29

Connect different regions of the cerebellum

Question 30

Where do the climbing fibers of the cerebellum originate?

Answer 30

Olivocerebellar tracts

Question 31

What two fibers of the cerebellum are stimulatory to Purkinje cells?

Answer 31

Climbing fibers - directly Mossy fibers - indirectly

Question 32

What is the type of spike called from an AP of a climbing fiber?

Answer 32

Complex spike

Question 33

What type of spike is generated from mossy fibers?

Answer 33

Simple spike from summation

Question 34

What are the two sources of information for cerebellar nuclei?

Answer 34

Inhibitory from Purkinje cells Excitatory from climbing and mossy fibers

Question 35

What structures does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect?

Answer 35

Midbrain to cerebellum

Question 36

What structures does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect?

Answer 36

Pons to cerebellum

Question 37

What structures does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect?

Answer 37

Medulla oblongata to cerebellum

Question 38

What are the general functions of the cerebellum?

Answer 38

Coordination Regulation of muscle tone Smooth progression of movements Somatic motor activity programming Affect on equilibrium and balance

Question 39

What are some common diseases that affect the cerebellum?

Answer 39

Acute alcohol poisoning Trauma Infections MS Stroke Heavy metal poisoning

Question 40

What are general attributes of cerebellar diseases?

Answer 40

No paralysis Gait ataxia No atrophy No fasciculations Hyporeflexia Clonus Pendular Hypotonia Intention tremor

Question 41

How do cerebellar outputs affect the deep nucleus via Purkinje fibers?

Answer 41

Inhibitory with GABA