Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gyrus?

A

mound of brain tissue

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2
Q

what is on the outer portion of the brain?

A

gray matter

cerebral cortex

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3
Q

what is on the inner portion of the brain?

A

white matter (axons)

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4
Q

sulcus

A

depression between gyrus

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5
Q

corpus collosum

A

made of axons (white matter)

connects R and L hemispheres

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6
Q

what is primary motor cortex?

A

precentral gyrus

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7
Q

what is the primary sensory cortex?

A

postcentral gyrus

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8
Q

what is somatotopic organization?

A

there is a precise place on the brain that controls each part of the body

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9
Q

what are piramital cells?

A

cells that start the cortispinal pathway for motor neurons

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10
Q

Broca’s motor speech area

A

for the PRODUCTION of speech

located in the left hemisphere

damage here causes pts to be able to understand but can’t talk

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11
Q

Broca’s aphagia

A

inability to speak due to damage to Broca’s area

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12
Q

eye field area

A

for voluntary eye movements

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13
Q

what are the main funtions of the frontal lobe?

A

motor

behavioral and personality aspects

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14
Q

what are the secondary motor cortex areas?

A

supplemental motor area

premotor cortex

frontal eye fields

posterior parietal motor area (parietal lobe)

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15
Q

what is the role of the secondary motor system?

A

mediates complex movements produced by groups of muscles

-not involved with discrete muscle contraction

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16
Q

what is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

A

involved in motor function

17
Q

what is the importance of the supplemental motor cortex area?

A

recieves input from basal ganglia via a relay in ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

18
Q

what is the purpose of the premotor cortex?

A

receives input from cerebellum via relay in ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus

-functions in motor control to orient the body in the direction of the target

19
Q

what does posterior parietal motor area do?

A

associated with tactile discrimination in relation to reaching and guiding movements

20
Q

what is sterognosis?

A

ability to perceive the form of an object by using sense of touch

21
Q

what is statognosis?

A

proprioception

knowing the position of the body in space

22
Q

what does the prefrontal association do?

A

extensive connections with thalamic nuclei

has connections to limbic system (feelings)

involved in working memory (repeating a task once observed)

involved in appropriate expressions and behavior

23
Q

what are other functions of the frontal lobe?

A

abstract thinking

decision making

anticipating consequences

social behavior

24
Q

what is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

A

somatosensory

primary gustatory area (taste)

25
what is the purpose of the temporal lobe?
primary auditory area primary auditory association area wernicke's area (temporal and parietal lobes) interprets meaning and comprehension of words
26
what is Wernicke's aphagia?
problems with damage to temporal lobe that causes lack of word comprehension
27
what is the purpose of the auditory association?
makes sense of auditory phenomenon
28
what is the main purpose of the occipital lobe?
primary visual cortex visual association cortex
29
which side of the brain is more active in language?
left
30
what are the functions of the insula?
somatic sensation that is oriented inward gut feelings of hunger, thirst, homeostatic balance certain feelings (love, lust, disgust, gratitude) conscious physical and emotional awareness occur here
31