Cerebrum

Question 1

CEREBRUM:

SCALP + dura layer
paired vs. unpaired bones (2.2)
ant/pos fontanelle
pterion (what + has)

epidural hemorrhage - structure (2), patho
subdural hemorrhage - structure (1) + where, shape

Answer 1

• skin, CT, aponeurosis, loose areolar, pericranium (endosteal layer)
• skull (meningeal layer)
• paired (parietal temporal), unpaired (vomer & mandible)
• pterion: thinnest; has meningeal

CLINICAL
- epidural hemorrhage: meningeal artery or vein (usually ant division of middle meningeal artery); meningeal dura strips from skull
- subdural hemorrhage: superior cerebral veins at superior sagittal sinus; cresent

Question 2

CEREBRUM:

dura
- endo vs. meningeal (1.4)
- diaphragma sellae (has)
- nerve (6), artery (5), vein (1)
- venous sinus: where, lined by, emissary (connect), ultimate drainage
- what passes

pia & arachnoid mater
- main function (2)
- arachnoid: villi (function), CSF (2 purpose), has (2)
- pia: tela choirodea (2) + supplied by (2)

Answer 2

DURA LAYER
- endosteal: pericranium
- meningeal: falx cerebri, falx cerebellum, tentorium cerebelli, tentorial notch
diaphragma sellae: has pituitary gland
- nerve: CN1-3, CN5, CN10, sympathetic trunk
- artery: pharyngeal, ICA, maxillary, occipital, middle meningeal
- vein: meningeal
- cranial & spinal nerve passses

venous sinus
- between dura layers; lined by endothelium
- emissary veins: with diploic veins of skull
- internal jugular vein as ultimate drainage

PIA & ARACHNOID
- to protect & prevent mobility
- arachnoid: villi (absorb CSF)
- CSF: to protect & buoyancy
- has arachnoid granulations & pacchonian bodies
- pia: tela choirodea (between 3rd & 4th ventricle) is supplied by choroidal branch of ICA & basilar artery

Question 3

CEREBRUM: General

LCF (separate)
corpus callosum (connect)
folia/gyri (shape + for)
fissure/sulci (shape)

central sulcus of rolando, lat sylvia, parietoocipital

cuneus (2)
uncus (what + lobe + med)
callosal sulcus (2)
cingulate sulcus (where + separate)

Answer 3

• longitudinal cerebral fissure & corpus callosum: separates right & left cerebrum
• folia/gyri: convolutions; inc surface area
• fissure/sulci: depressions
• central sulcus of rolando: between frontal & parietal
• lateral sulcus of sylvia: parietal x temporal
• parietooccipital: parietal x occipital
• cuneus: parietooccipital x calcarine (separate occipital lobes)
• uncus: at end of parahippocampal gyrus; part of temporal lobe; herniates into cerebellum = cerebellar tonsil
• callosal sulcus: corpus callosum x cingulate gyrus
• cingulate sulcus: on top of cingulate gyrus; separates frontal lobe

Question 4

CEREBRUM: General - Lobes

frontal lobe
- sulci + gyri (4G)
- pars (3)

parietal lobe
- sulci + gyri (4G)

temporal lobe
- sulci + gyri (3G)
- sup temporal gyrus: what/purpose

occipital lobe
- area, sulcus

Answer 4

frontal lobe
- central sulcus of rolando [precentral gyrus] precentral [sup frontal gyrus] sup frontal [mid & inf frontal gyrus] inf frontal
- pars triangularis, opercularis, orbitalis

parietal lobe
- central sulcus of rolando [postcentral gyrus] postcentral [sup parietal gyrus] intraparietal [inf parietal gyrus] parietoocipital

temporal lobe
- lateral [sup temporal gyrus] superior temporal [mid & inf temporal gyrus] middle temporal
- sup temporal gyrus: where hearing terminates

occipital lobe
- parietoocipital sulcus
- area 17

Question 5

CEREBRUM: Internal

lat ventricle - lobe x parts, obstructive vs. non (communicating + d/t)

white matter
- corpus callosum: genu, body, splenium, function (4), agenesis, split brain syndrome
- tapetum: x 4th ventricle
- ant commissure: connect
- pos commissure: purpose
- habenular commisure
- commissure of fornix (what fornix)

Answer 5

lateral ventricle
- ant part at frontal, body at parietal, posterior at occipital, inf horn at temporal lobe
- obstructive/non-communicating: d/t many CSF
- non-obstructive/communicating: arachnoid villi won’t absorb

corpus callosum
- splenium (forms major), genu (forms minor), body (forms tapetum)
- function: sensory experience, learned discrimination (stereognosis), memory, connects ipsilateral regions in lobes
- tapetum: with lat wall of 4th ventricle

WHITE MATTER
- anterior commissure: connect temporal & amygdala
- posterior commissure: mediate pupillary light reflex (pretectal nuclei)
- habenular commissure: amygdala x hippocampus
- commissure of fornix: connects hippocampus
- fornix: output of hippocampus