Ch. 1,2,7,8 & 9

Question 1

Dependent Variable

Answer 1

The observed variable in an experiment or study whose changes are determined by the presence or degree of one or more independent variables

Question 2

Errors in experiments

Answer 2

Instrumental error(lack of calibration)
Personal error(inaccurate observations)
Sampling error(sample size 2 small or not random)
Replication error(lack of consistency & accuracy)
Experimental Design
Measurement error(lack of accuracy & precision)

Question 3

Qualitative observation

Answer 3

Described by words or terms rather than #s and including subjective descriptions in terms of variables such as color, shape, smell; often recorded using terms, photographs, or drawings

Question 4

Quantitative observations

Answer 4

Numerical values derived from counts or measurements of a variable; frequently require some kind of instrument use in recording

Question 5

Organic Molecules

Answer 5

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
(CLPN)

Question 6

Organic Molecule- Carbs

Answer 6

Made of: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Monomer: Monosaccharides
Ex: Glucose
Function: livings things main source of energy

Question 7

Organic Molecule- Lipid

Answer 7

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and small amount of oxygen
Monomer: Fatty acids & glycerol
*water-insoluble (fats and oils)
Saturated & unsaturated
Provides insulation, stores energy, cushions internal organs,found in membranes

Question 8

Organic molecule- Proteins

Answer 8

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Monomer: amino acid held by peptide bonds
Function: Control the rate of reactions, regulate cell processes, form important cell structures, transport materials in/out the cell, to help fight disease, can compose enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components

Question 9

Organic molecule- Nucleic Acid

Answer 9

Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Monomer: Nucleotide
Ex: Rna, DNA
*directs the instruction of proteins
*genetic info an organism receives from its parents

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Capture solar energy for photosynthesis

Question 11

Golgi Body

Answer 11

Package, distribute products

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Digests excess products and food particles

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Transform energy through respiration

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Contains DNA which controls cellular activities

Question 15

Ribosome

Answer 15

Produce proteins

Question 16

Vacuole

Answer 16

Store substances

Question 17

Cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 17

Phospholipid bilayer that protects and encloses the cell; controls transport; maintains homeostasis

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

Rigid second layer that protects and encloses the cell (plant & bacteria cells)

Question 19

Cytoplasm

Answer 19

Fluid-like substance that contains various membrane-bound organelles that perform various reactions

Question 20

Endoplamic Reticulum

Answer 20

Site of chemical reactions

* Rough ER & Smooth ER*

Question 21

Rough ER

Answer 21

Contains ribosomes

Question 22

Smooth ER

Answer 22

Lipid production

Question 23

Cytoskeleton

Answer 23

Provides internal structure

Question 24

Microfilaments

Answer 24

Fibers

Question 25

Microtubules

Answer 25

Cylinders

Question 26

Unicellular

Answer 26

Organism that exists as a singular, independent cell

Question 27

Multicellular

Answer 27

Organism that exists as specialized groups of cells; cells are organized into tissues that perform that same function, tissues form organs and organs make up an organ system

Question 28

Prokaryotes

Answer 28

Has nuclear material in the center of the cell, but doesn't have a nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles; found in bacteria

Question 29

Eukaryotes

Answer 29

Contains a clearly defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane and membrane-bound organelle; found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Question 30

Independent Variable

Answer 30

A manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable

Question 31

Cell Theory

Answer 31

1) The cell is the basic unit of life 2) All organisms are composed of cells 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 32

Passive transport

Answer 32

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane w/out the use of the cell's energy

Question 33

Diffusion

Answer 33

A type of passive transport; movement of substances across the membrane from an area of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

Question 34

Osmosis

Answer 34

Type of passive transport; diffusion of water across the membrane from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 35

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 35

Type of passive transport; a carrier molecule embedded in the membrane transports a substance across the membrane following the high-to-low concentration gradient

Question 36

Active transport

Answer 36

Movement of substances across the membrane that requires the use of the cells energy and carrier molecules; substances are moving from an area of low-to-high concentration(against concentration gradient)

Question 37

Endocytosis

Answer 37

Large particles are brought into the cell

Question 38

Exocytosis

Answer 38

Large particles leave the cell

Question 39

Homeostasis

Answer 39

Internal equilibrium; the membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell; a selectively permeable membrane only allows certain substances to pass through

Question 40

Hypotonic

Answer 40

Water moves in; cell bursts

Question 41

Hypertonic

Answer 41

Water moves out; cell shrivels

Question 42

Isotonic

Answer 42

No net movement; cell maintains equilibrium