Ch. 1-4: Exam 1

Question 1

Individuals with traits best suited to the local environment that are more likely to survive and leave the greatest number of healthy offspring are called

Answer 1

Natural selection

Question 2

A __ is a comprehensive and well-substantiated explanation, much broader in scope than a hypothesis

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

What is an independent variable?

Answer 3

What is being manipulated by the researchers

Question 4

The __ is the response, output, or effect under investigation that is used to judge the outcome of the experiment

Answer 4

Dependent variable

Question 5

An experiment in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows which group is the control group is called a

Answer 5

Double-blind experiment

Question 6

__ is any field of study that is falsely presented as having a scientific basis

Answer 6

Pseudoscience

Question 7

Recorded observations are called

Answer 7

Data

Question 8

A __ is a piece of information considered to be objectively true based on all current evidence

Answer 8

Fact

Question 9

What is the scientific study of life?

Answer 9

Biology

Question 10

The __ lacks or does not receive the specific factor being tested

Answer 10

Control group

Question 11

How many naturally occurring elements are essential to humans

Answer 11

25

Question 12

Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

Answer 12

Matter

Question 13

A measure of the amount of material in an object is called

Answer 13

Mass

Question 14

This subatomic particle has a positive charge

Answer 14

Proton

Question 15

This subatomic particle has no charge

Answer 15

Neutron

Question 16

__ have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

Answer 16

Isotopes

Question 17

__ are formed between oppositely charged ions

Answer 17

Ionic bonds

Question 18

What are reactants in a chemical reaction

Answer 18

The starting materials

Question 19

A __ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

Answer 19

Atom

Question 20

This type of bond gives water high surface tension

Answer 20

Hydrogen bonds

Question 21

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from earlier cells

Answer 21

Cell theory

Question 22

Organisms of the domains bacteria and archaea

Answer 22

Prokaryotic cells

Question 23

Organisms of the domain eukarya

Answer 23

Eukaryotic cells

Question 24

The site where the components of ribosomes are made

Answer 24

Nucleolus

Question 25

A membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells

Answer 25

Lysosome

Question 26

Which of the following is not a cytoskeletal fiber

Answer 26

Microcilia

Question 27

The conversion of light energy from the sun to the chemical energy of sugar and other organic molecules is called what

Answer 27

Photosynthesis

Question 28

This organelle contributes the most power to plant cells

Answer 28

Chloroplasts

Question 29

The plasma membrane is called a fluid mosaic model because of the diversity of proteins in the membrane and how the molecules move freely past one another

Answer 29

True

Question 30

DNA transfers its coded information to transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system

Answer 31

Nucleus

Question 32

What are genes composed of

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

What are the four most common elements found in living organisms

Answer 33

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

Question 34

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 34

Receives, modifies, stores, and distributes cells products

Question 35

Calciums atomic mass is 40 and its atomic number is 20. How many protons are found in a calcium atom

Answer 35

20

Question 36

What name is given to substances that resist charges in PH

Answer 36

Buffers

Question 37

What structure is found in plant cells, but not animal cells

Answer 37

Cell wall

Question 38

A __ is an example of a producer

Answer 38

Tree

Question 39

Where does protein synthesis take place

Answer 39

The ribosomes

Question 40

Functions of the smooth ER include

Answer 40

Lipid synthesis and drug detoxification

Question 41

What type of bond does sulfuric acid have

Answer 41

Covalent

Question 42

What is the primary way by which energy leaves your body

Answer 42

Heat