Ch. 1 connect

Question 1

An organism’s genome consists of..

Answer 1

The DNA found in all of its chromosomes

Question 2

The branch of biology that deals with hereditary and variation is ___.

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

A gene can be described as a unit of heredity or as a segment of ___ that produces a functional product.

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

A gene is a segment of DNA that produces a functional product, which is usually a(n) ___, or as a unit of heredity that affects an organism’s ___.

Answer 4

Polypeptide, traits

Question 5

The functional product of most genes is a ___

Answer 5

Polypeptide

Question 6

A polypeptide is a linear sequence of ___ ___.

Answer 6

Amino acids

Question 7

A trait is…

Answer 7

A characteristic of an organism

Question 8

The four categories of large organic molecules that are found in cells are nucleic acid, lipids, carbohydrates, and ___.

Answer 8

Proteins

Question 9

Both DNA and RNA are ___ acids

Answer 9

Nucleic

Question 10

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 10

A molecule composed of repeating units of smaller building blocks

Question 11

DNA is made of …

Answer 11

Nucleotides

Question 12

Where are the chromosomes located in an eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

In the nucleus

Question 13

Genes are often described according to the way they affect the characteristics of an organism, which are called ___.

Answer 13

Traits

Question 14

Which of the following are genomic alterations that may induce genetic variation?

Answer 14

• gene mutations
• changes in chromosome structure
• changes in chromosome number

Question 15

List the steps that occur during the natural selection in the correct order.

Answer 15

• a random mutation creates a new allele that is beneficial
• individuals carrying a beneficial allele are more likely to reproduce and pass on the allele
• a beneficial allele becomes more prevalent in future generations

Question 16

Molecular level

Answer 16

A DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into protein

Question 17

Cellular level

Answer 17

The function of a protein in a cell affects the structure and function of the cell

Question 18

Organism level

Answer 18

A flower appears red because it’s cells synthesize a red pigment

Question 19

Population level

Answer 19

Beneficial traits evolve because they enhance the reproductive success of some members of a population

Question 20

What are the four nitrogen-containing bases found in the nucleotides that make up DNA?

Answer 20

Cytosine
Thymine
Guanine
Adenine

Question 21

Place the molecules produced when a gene is expressed in the correct sequence beginning with the gene.

Answer 21

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Question 22

In a multicellular organism, cells that are not directly involved in sexual reproduction are called ___ cells.

Answer 22

Somatic

Question 23

The primary function of DNA is to code for the production of ___.

Answer 23

Proteins

Question 24

A cell that is haploid contains..

Answer 24

One set of chromosomes

Question 25

Sperm and egg cells are also called ___

Answer 25

Gametes

Question 26

What are the subunits of DNA?

Answer 26

Nucleotides

Question 27

Mendel proposed that factors, which we now call ___, are passed from parents to offspring via sperm and egg cells.

Answer 27

Genes

Question 28

The process of using a gene sequence to affect characteristics of cells and organisms is called gene ___.

Answer 28

Expression

Question 29

Changes in the genetic makeup of a population from one generation to the next are called ___.

Answer 29

Evolution

Question 30

Morphological trait

Answer 30

The color of a flower | A trait that affects the appearance, form, and structure of an organism

Question 31

Physiological trait

Answer 31

The rate at which a bacterium metabolizes a sugar | A trait that affects the ability of an organism to function

Question 32

Behavioral trait

Answer 32

The mating call of a bird species | A trait that affects the way an organism responds to its environment

Question 33

What are the roles of organic molecules in cells?

Answer 33

- they are building blocks for the synthesis of larger molecules - they provide energy for cellular processes

Question 34

In a eukaryotic cell, what are the advantages of having the chromosomes organized within a cell nucleus?

Answer 34

- protects the chromosomes from damage | - it provides a single compartment for activities such as gene transcription

Question 35

A change in the nucleotide sequence of a single gene that results in two alleles is called a gene ___.

Answer 35

Mutation

Question 36

What is the name of the process in which a DNA sequence is copied into an RNA sequence?

Answer 36

Transcription

Question 37

What is a model organism?

Answer 37

An organism that is studied so that researchers can study broadly applicable scientific principles

Question 38

What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Answer 38

Sexual reproduction enhances genetic variation

Question 39

The breeding of two selected individuals and the analysis of their offspring is referred to as...

Answer 39

A genetic cross

Question 40

The information in a(n) ___ molecule is stored in the sequence of its nucleotides.

Answer 40

DNA

Question 41

RNA is an abbreviation for..

Answer 41

Ribonucleic acid

Question 42

The genetic variation among individuals within a population can be explained by differences in the sequence of..

Answer 42

DNA

Question 43

What are some of the functions of enzymes in cells?

Answer 43

- they breakdown molecules and macromolecules into smaller units - they synthesize molecules and macromolecules

Question 44

The inheritance of genes and the way that genes influence traits is the focus of ___ genetics.

Answer 44

Transmission

Question 45

Differences in inherited traits among individual within a population are refer text to as ___ variation

Answer 45

Genetic

Question 46

The genetic code directs the order of ___ within a polypeptide based on the sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.

Answer 46

Amino acids