Ch. 11- Endocrine System

Question 1

dips

Answer 1

thirst

Question 2

adrenal gland

Answer 2

located next to each kidney, the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones and the adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 3

Steroid Hormones

Answer 3

regulate CHO metabolism and salt and water balance; some effect on sexual characteristics
Ex: glucocorticoids, mineral corticosteroids, androgens

Question 4

epinephrine

Answer 4

affect sympathetic nervous system in stress response

Question 5

exophthalmus

Answer 5

protrusion of one or both eyes, due to thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball

Question 6

glucosuria

Answer 6

glucose in the urine

Question 7

hirsutisn

Answer 7

shaggy, an excessive growth of hair especially in unusual places

Question 8

hyperkalemia

Answer 8

abnormally high level of potassium in the blood

Question 9

hypernatremia

Answer 9

abnormally high levels of Na in the blood

Question 10

ketosis
ketoacidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 10

presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of CHO as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation

Question 11

polydipsia

Answer 11

excessive thirst

Question 12

Cushing syndrome

Answer 12

caused by excessive level of cortisol hormone, upper body obesity, facial puffiness, hyperglycemia, thin and easily bruised skin e stria, hypertension, osteoporosis

Question 13

adrenal virilism

Answer 13

excessive output of adrenal secretion of androgen in adult women, acne, hirsutism, deepening of the voice

Question 14

insulin

Answer 14

secreted by B cells of islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating metabolism of glucose

Question 15

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 15

metabolic disorder caused by abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas, hyperglycemia and glucosuria

Question 16

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 16

there are no B cell production of insulin, pt is dependent on insulin for survival

Question 17

type 2 diabetes

Answer 17

body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance, pt is not dependent on insulin for survival

Question 18

hyperinsulinism

Answer 18

excessive amount of insulin in blood that draws sugar out of bloodstream resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting and convusions

Question 19

acromegaly

Answer 19

enlarged features, esp the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty

Question 20

diabetes insipidus

Answer 20

abnormal increase in urine output caused by inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic homone

Question 21

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 21

congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing short but proportional stature

Question 22

goiter

Answer 22

enlargement of thyroid gland

Question 23

hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
thyrotoxicosis

Answer 23

hypersecretion of thyroid gland

Question 24

myxedema

Answer 24

advanced hypothyroidism in adults, sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness

Question 25

cretinism

Answer 25

congenital hypothyroidism in children, lack of mental development and dwarfed stature

Question 26

postprandial blood sugar (PPBS)

Answer 26

blood sugar levels about 2 hrs after a meal

Question 27

hypophysectomy

Answer 27

excision of pituitary gland