Education was originally…
Only reading writing and arithmetic ; family responsibilities
One room school houses
All grades in one room
Blue-backed speller and first dictionary
Noah Webster
McGuffey’s Reader
Standard Reader; how they used to learn to read .
Who promoted the idea of public schools ?
Horace Mann
What was set up to help teachers ?
Normal schools
When was it becoming more popular to have high schools ?
By the 1850’s
What was traditional education like ?
A teacher instructs a class
What happened with the public education?
It became more available and there were more public schools .
First state university to open its doors ?
UNC
First female college ?
Wesleyan
First co-Ed college ?
Oberlin
What happened with the libraries ?
Public libraries became more available .
What was set up for adults so they could gain an education ?
Lyceums (lectures)
What were the dates for the agricultural advancements in the south and north ?
1825-1850
Who invented the steel plow ?
John Deere
Who invented the reaper ?
Cyrus McCormick
Who invented the cotton gin ?
Eli Whitney
What was the top crop in the south ?
Cotton/King Cotton
What other crops did they have in the south ?
Tobacco , sugar cane , rice , corn
What was a factory system ?
A place where you make something ; machinery, people, products, new materials
Who was the father of the American factory system ?
Samuel Slater
Who knew how to make the sewing machine ?
Elias Howe
Who knew how to use the sewing machine ?
Singer
Who invented the steam engine ?
James Watt
What type of roads were popular during this time ?
Corduroy roads
What were built to connect different roads ?
Turnpikes
What was the first nationally financed road ?
The Cumberland road
John macadam - macadam roads
Rock roads
What were flat boats ?
Flat bottom, heavy cargo , used on rivers
Steamboat ?
Robert Fulton
Canals ?
Water way between to bodies of water
B&O railroad ?
(1830’s) first to ever run on a track
When did Texas gain independence?
1836
When was the Mexican war ?
1846-1848
What were the advantages of the railroad ?
Strength , speed
What were the disadvantages of the railroad ?
People were afraid of it , expensive
What were packet ships ?
They carried heavy cargo
What were clipper ships ?
They were known for their speed
What were steam ships ?
Powered by steam
How did we have a better postal system ?
Cheaper and speed
Telegraph ?
Samuel morse (morse code)
When was the pony express and what did it do ?
(1860) between Missouri and Cali . It was very successful . Rode horses to deliver mail/messages .
The transatlantic cable ?
Cable used to send messages across the Atlantic
What were dividends ?
They divided the stocks
Why did the population increase ?
It increased greatly because of babies and immigrants .
Where were most immigrants from ?
Ireland and Germany
What were some improvements in the city life ?
Sewage systems , improved transportation , police & firemen
Why did the southerners seek new territory?
To plant cotton , & wanted to have a place to keep slaves .
Who were the austins ?
A family that helped settle Texas
What were the restrictions by Mexico ?
You have to be catholic , no slaves , had to pledge allegiance to Mexico .
The Alamo was …
A fortified mission
Who was the commander of the Alamo ?
William Barrett Travis
What two famous men were at the Alamo ?
Davey Crockett & Jim Bowie
How did the Alamo end ?
Everyone was killed
Who was In charge of the battle of San Jacinto and will later become president of Texas ?
Sam Houston
What was the Battle of San Jacinto over ?
Texas’s independence
Americans debate the annexation of Texas …
North didn’t want to annex Texas but the south did . Texas will become the “Lone Star Republic”
______ & _______ claimed Oregon
U.S. & England
Who was a Methodists that helped promote the mission to the Oregon territory ?
Jason Lee
Medical missionary (Oregon territory)
Marcus Whitman
Who went to modern day Idaho ?
Henry Spalding
What was the Great Migration ?
Went out by the thousands to the Oregon territory
Who was the Dark horse candidate ? 54-40 or fight ?
James K. Polk
When does Texas become a state ?
In 1845
Oregon becomes what ?
Territory of the U.S.
What two places was America interested in during the Mexican war ? And why ?
New Mexico and Cali; because they were interested in them for trade; because it was rich and beautiful land
What couldn’t america agree with Mexico about ?
On a boundary line for Texas
Who was sent to Mexico to negotiate the price of the Mexican cession and Cali ?
John Slidell
Did Mexico agree to sell Cali and the Mexican cession ?
No
Who was the general of the Mexican war ? “Old rough and ready” ? Sent to defend the boundary line of Texas ?
Zachary Taylor
Old Fuss and Feathers ? Temporarily replaced Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War ?
Gen. Winfield Scott
Battle of buena vista ?
Zach Taylor wins decisive victory at great odds
The bear flag revolt ?
Cali will gain independence from Mexico
The treaty of Hidalgo ?
The boundary line of Texas was settled . We gained the southwest territory . We gave Mexico 15 mil .
During the California gold rush , gold was discovered on whose land ?
John Sutter
What people came up with the gold rush & came in 1849 ?
The forty-niners
The Gadsden purchase ?
The strip of land at the bottom or Arizona and Mexico . Wanted it for the use of trains
What were the advances of learning ?
Education was thriving in the U.S.
Most literate nation