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Anatomy > Ch 13 > Flashcards

Ch 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurobiology

A

study of nervous system

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2
Q

Subdivisions of the nervous system

A

Central nerbous system and Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What does the central nervous system contain

A

bain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain

A

Sensory division and motor division

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5
Q

What are the parts of sensory division in the peripheral nervous system

A

Visceral sensory division and somatic sensory division

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6
Q

what are the parts of motor division in the PNS

A

Visceral motor division and somatic motor division

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7
Q

What does the visceral motor division do

A

tells the digestive system what to do

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8
Q

What does the viseral sensory division do

A

brings info from stomach etc

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9
Q

where does somatic sensory division bring info from

A

like thigh

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10
Q

what is the subsects of visceral motor division

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

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11
Q

what does somatic motor division do

A

moves skeletal muscles. nueromuscular junction

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12
Q

what are the fundamental physiological properties of a neuron?

A

Excitability (can respond to stimuli), Conductivity (can send signals to distant locations quickly), Secretion (can release chemical messengers)

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13
Q

What does afferent mean

A

sensory neurons…arising into the central nervous system

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14
Q

What are interneurons

A

between a sensory and a motor neuron. hot burner

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15
Q

what is efferent

A

motor neurons…exiting the central nervous system

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16
Q

what is the Neurosoma (soma)

A

cell body of neuron. where the nucleus is, ER

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17
Q

what is the Neurofibrils of a neuron

A

Cytoskeletan of network in neuron. important for movement

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18
Q

what is the Nissl bodies

A

cluster of rough endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis). stain darkly

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19
Q

Dendrites

A

Multibranched processes to detect stimuli. they come from the soma

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20
Q

what is a long nerve fiber that transmits signal to the nexxt cell called

A

axon

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21
Q

What is the axon collateral

A

its a branch of the main axon

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22
Q

terminal arborization

A

branching of the distal end of the neuron. allows the generation of more connections w more neurons

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23
Q

Synaptic knob

A

swelling at the end of the axon stores and secretes neurotransmitters. communicates w more neurons. they interact w the dendrites of another neuron

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24
Q

what is the purpose of Myelin sheath

A

Segmented wrapping around the axon. insolates and protects the axon. this helps to speed up the action potential

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25
Node of ranvier
gaps in the myelination. purpose is to allow faster transduction so u can skip along the axon and don't have to change the voltage
26
Internode
part of the axon that's myelinated.
27
Axon hillock
mound from the soma leading to the axon. The initial segment is the first part of unmyelinated axon
28
Trigger zone
the axon hillock and initial segment. WHen there's a big enough ation potential in the soma the trigger zone sends a signnal
29
What's it called when a neuron has multiple dendrites on one axon
multipolar
30
Bipolar
two dendrite projections coming from the cell body
31
Unipolar
Cell body is projecting off the side of the axon
32
Anaxonic
multiple dendrites and no axon
33
What are the supportive cells of the neurons?
Neuroglia (or glia)
34
Functions of the neuroglia
Protect and help function, bind neurons together to form framework, in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destinations, if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact it is covered by glial cells. GIVES PRECISION
35
Oligodendrocytes
Part of a glial cells. They make myelin in brain and spinal cord.
36
Ependymal cells
glial cell part. Line cavities of brain and spinal cord. they secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. Tall cells! gotta be big
37
Microglia
phagocytize and destroy microorganisms. eat up the dead nervous tissue.
38
Astrocytes
part of glial cells that form the blood brain barrior. grab oxygen and glucose and share it w neurons. They don't let certain things pass the blood brain barrior
39
Schwann cells
form a neurilemma around all PNS nerve fibers and myelin around most of them. Play a part in neuron regeneration (axon. cell body can't be fixed)
40
Satellite cells
surround somas of neurons in the ganglia
41
Myelin sheath
Insulating layer around nerve fiber. increase the speed of conduction
42
Myelination
process of producing myelin. starts in fetal development and rapid in infancy. Myelin is 80% lipid so it's pretty important for them to get enough fat
43
Unmyelinated nerve fiber
less insolated. Schwann cell wraps around multiple axons so there's less wrapping per axon
44
What two factors does signal conduction speed depend on?
presence of myelination, diameter of fiber
45
If cell body remains intact but nerve fiber is damaged, can it regenerate?
Yes, schwann cells secrete nerve growth factors and they direct regrowth of axon
46
Can central nervous system (CNS) nerves be regenerated?
no. Think of memory loss
47
What is a synapses?
Space between axon terminals. Meeting point of a neuron and other cells: nerve tissue, nerve and muscle, glandualar
48
What is an axodedritic synapse?
axon terminal interacting with postsynaptic dendrite
49
Axosomatic synapse
Axon terminals directly going to the soma
50
Axoaxonic synapse
Axon terminal interacting with axon of another cell
51
Neurotransmitters
messanger molecultes. Can either be excitatory or inhibitory. 5$ movie night
52
Synaptic knob
part of structure of synapse. contains synaptic vesicles which are packets of neurotransmitters
53
Synaptic cleft
the gap between neurons. 20-40 nm
54
Neurotransmitter receptors
they're on the postsynaptic cell
55
Electrical synapse
two cells jointed by gap junctions (tiny pours physically connecting two cells). Important in cardiac and smooth muscle where you want everything to happen at once. Very quick transmission. There is no control or decision making of signal (you can't stop the signal) it just goes.
56
What does diverging neuron connection look like?
Exponential growth. bigger and bigger
57
Converging neuron connection
employees tell managers who tell boss. converging together
58
Reverberating
Positive feedback. loop. axion potential but one axon goes back to the beginning allowing for sustained signaling to occur.
59
Parallel after-discharge
multiple axon chains on their way to a destination. All of them could send the message or just one or none.
60
Neurulation in little fetus babies
around week 3 u have neural plate and first trace of CNS. 4 Weeks you have a neural tube cuz the plate folded together. the neural crest (gonna be the spinal cord) is there. all the ingredients are there. U got three encephalons (frebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain). Week 5 you got five secondary vesicles. limb buds. the three brains have more structures in them (there are now five encephalons)
61
What are some neural tube defects? Spina bifida -
\ vertebrae fail to enclose the spinal cord. Spina bifida occulta is just one or a few vertebrae that don't fuse properly. Spina bifida cystica is more severe. sac protruding from the spine filled with cerebral spinal fluid
62
Neural tube defect - microcephaly
small brain. severe mental difficulties. effects forebrain
63
NTD - anencephaly
no brain formation

Anatomy (16 decks)

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