how old is the earth
4.68 billion years
relative dating
not knowing the exact date
absolute dating
knowing the exact date of which an event occurred
four eras in order
pre Cambrian
paleozioc
Mesozoic
cenozoic
what eras are broken into
periods
what is spontaneous generation–who disproved
create living organisms from inanimate objects – pasteur
biogenesis
production of living organisms or organelles
oparins hypothesis
life began by a combination of amino acids
what did miller & ureys experiment do
found out amino acids could form in that environment
what process created oxygen
photosynthesizing prokaryotes–ozone layer
law of superstition
younger rocks on top–older on bottom
law of inclusions
pieces of rock found in other layers are always older
law of cross cutting
anything cutting across a rock layer is younger
lay of unconformities
missing rock layers show missing time
evolution
the changes in population over time
Charles darwin
came up with natural selection
3 types of structural adaptations
mimicry, protective coloration, protective resemblance
mimincry
organism looks like another
protective coloration
camoflauge
protective resemblance
shape
evidence of evolution
fossils, biogeography, embryology, morphology, biochemistty
fossils
clearly indicate that the fossils closely related to species tend to be adjacent to one another
biogeography
the study of which species indicate which parts of the planet & why
embryology
studying of developing embryo
morphology
the study of anatomical shape & design
biochemistry
many organisms share similar dna sequences, enzymes, & processes to make atp
3 examples of morphology
homologous organs
analogous organs
vestigial organs
mechanisms of evolution
genetic drift\
mutations
natural selection
gene flow
genetic drift
isolated small populations may represent a disproportionate frequency of some genes
gene flow
immigration in which genes are gained & emigration in when genes are lost from a population
mutation
caused by chemicals, radiation, or chance
natural selection
cause of changes in gene pools
only strongest will survive
3 types of natural selection
stabilizing selection
directional selection
disruptive selection
convergent
organisms with very different ancestors becoming similar
divergent
similar organisms becoming increasingly different
H-W equation
A+a=1