ch 16 Flashcards by Aneeka Phadnis

what is plasma

extracellular matrix

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water component of blood

92%

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protein component of blood

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what is last 1% of

organic molecules

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what is the difference between plasma and interstitial

proteins

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90% of plasma proteins

albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
trnasferrin

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where are most plasma proteins produced

liver

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what are red blood cells called

erythrocytes

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where do platelets come from

megakaryocytes

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what are white blood cells

leukocytes

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lymphocytes

B &T cells

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monocytes

develop into macrophages

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neutrophils

phagocytes and granulocytes

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eosinophils

granulocytes

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basophils

granulocytes

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what are basophils called when in tissue

mast cells

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blood cells are produced where

bone marrow

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hematopoeisis

production of blood cells

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why is blood red

hemoglobin

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why is yellow bone marrow yellow

contains adipose cells so its inactive

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what controls hematopoiesis

cytokines

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erythropoietin

regulates red blood cell production

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erythropoiesis

production of blood cells

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When is EPO produced

by kidneys during hypoxia

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mean corpuscular volume

the average volume of one red blood cell

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

amount of hemoglobin per rbc

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

amount of hemoglobin per volume of one RBC

hematocrit

ratio of red blood cells to plasma expressed as a percentage

whats an important component missing from RBC's

nucleus

shape of rbc

lives for about 120 days

where are old RBC's killed

spleen

what happens to old components

recycled

whatever can't be recycled

becomes bilirubin

medical condition from elevated levels bilirubin

jaundice

anemia

hemoglobin content is too low

hemolytic anemia

cells rupture at abnormally high rate

polycythemia vera

too many blood cells of all types, leads to thickening

relative polycythemia

a condition where the hematocrit is elevated but the red blood cell mass is normal or slightly high, and the plasma volume is low or decreased

sickle cell disease

Replacement of glutamate by valine results in abnormal Hb that crystallizes when it unloads oxygen

what do we treat sickle cell disease with

hydroxyurea

what does hydroxyurea do

an increased formation of RBCs with fetal version of Hb

four globin molecules

four heme groups and multiple isoforms

what composes adult Hb

2 α and 2 β chains

what composes fetal Hb

2 α and 2 γ chains

what is heme

porphyrin ring with an iron (Fe) atom

where do we get iron

diet

how does iron get into blood

transferrin

where does iron get deposited

bone marrow

where is excess iron stored

liver

what protein is doing the storing

ferritin

hereditary hemolytic anemia

membrane or enzyme defects, abnormal hemoglobin

acquired hemolytic anemia

parasitic infections, drugs, autoimmune reaction

what deficiencies could lead to anemia

iron, folic acid, B12

what do megakaryocytes form

platelets

whats the size of platelets

smaller than RBC

what do platelets contain

mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, granules

how long do platelets live for

10 days

what do platelets do

stopping blood loss, immunity, inflammation

what does hemostasis do

prevents blood loss from damaged vessels

what does platelet plug begin with

platelet adhesion

first step of platelet activation process

platelet stick to collagen in damaged vessels

second step of platelet activation

release of platelet activating factor ( Thromboxane A2)

what prevents the platelet plug from getting too big

prostacyclin slightly away from site of injury

what is collagen role in platelet activation

binds platelets to begin platelet plug

instrinsic pathway

contact activation pathway

Extrinsic pathway

cell injury pathway

common pathway

thrombin converts fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin polymers

fibrin fibers become

part of the clot

what breaks fibrin

plasmin

is plasmin active right off the bat?

how is plasminogen activated

tissue plasminogen activator

fibrinolysis

breaking of fibrin by plasmin

what starts the intrinsic pathway

collagen

thrombus

blood clot that adheres to an undamaged blood vessel wall

we have two mechanisms to limit extent of clotting

inihibition of platelet adhesion inhibition of coagulation/ fibrin production

what are endogenous anticoagulants (within you )

heparin, antithrombin III, protein C

hemophilia

collection of diseases in which one of the factors in the coagulation cascade is defective or lacking

antithrombin III

NO EFFECT ON THROMBIN

thrombin

converts fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin

ch 16 Flashcards

(79 cards)