CH 16: Chronic Conditions Flashcards
(35 cards)
what are beta blockers?
One of the most widely prescribed classes of drugs to treat hypertension.
why would you measure max heart rate differently in somebody taking blood pressure medication? What’s the equation?
If a client is taking medication to control blood pressure, then it is necessary to adjust how the maximum heart rate is determined. Beta blockers block specific receptors to reduce the effects of signals sent to increase heart rate. When these receptors are blocked, the heart does not receive messages to speed up and maintains a slower rate and lower blood pressure.
162 – (0.7 x age) = estimated maximum heart rate (HRmax)
What’s a tip to remember the purpose of insulin?
thinking of insulin as the door of a castle that controls when glucose gets “in.”
What risks are increased when a person has hypertension?
The risks for heart disease and stroke are increased with the presence of hypertension and these are two major leading causes of death for Americans.
Define Postexercise Hypotension.
This is the drop in blood pressure within the first minutes of an exercise session ending.
List the risk factors for hypertension.
Obesity, diabetes mellitus, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption are common risk factors for hypertension.
What are the exercise options for cardio and resistance exercise when clients have hypertension?
Cardiorespiratory exercise
150-minute moderate-intensity exercise per week Or 75 minutes of vigorous activity
Or any combination of moderate and vigorous activity
Resistance exercise
Moderate-high intensity exercise two days per week. Increase intensity over time, warm-up, and cooldown.
What is the adjusted equation to find max heart rate when a client has hypertension and uses beta blockers?
162 – (0.7 x age) = estimated maximum heart rate (HRmax)
What is DASH? How can it help with hypertension?
DASH= Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
- a diet that involves taking in low levels of sodium and whole foods
- created to specifically combat hypertensive clients.
The user will eat many vegetables, fruits, and whole grains while limiting the fatty foods and sugar intake.
Define the different types of diabetes.
Diabetes is present when the body does not utilize insulin efficiently. This can happen due to many different reasons specific to the type of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the pancreas either does not produce insulin or does not produce enough insulin. This is a type that people may be born with.
Type 2 diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder that has high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and lack of insulin resulting later. This is often developed in life due to diet and physical inactivity.
Gestational diabetes is a condition that comes from elevated glucose levels in the blood during pregnancy, and this will often be a result after birth of the child.
Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose is higher than it should, but not yet in the range of diabetes.
Diabetes
present when the body does not utilize insulin efficiently. This can happen due to many different reasons specific to the type of diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes
a chronic condition in which the pancreas either does not produce insulin or does not produce enough insulin. This is a type that people may be born with.
Type 2 diabetes
a long-term metabolic disorder that has high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and lack of insulin resulting later. This is often developed in life due to diet and physical inactivity.
Gestational diabetes
is a condition that comes from elevated glucose levels in the blood during pregnancy, and this will often be a result after birth of the child.
Prediabetes
is a condition where blood glucose is higher than it should, but not yet in the range of diabetes.
What are the risk factors for diabetes?
Being overweight, age, family history, physical inactivity, ethnicity, and gestational diabetes.
What are some recommendations for program design with diabetic clients?
Low to moderate intensity activity is preferred in cases of diabetes as it can lower the risk of a cardiovascular disease event from happening.
Moderate to high intensity activity has also been found to reduce the risk of death for clients with diabetes, but it shouldn’t be used on untrained clients.
Diabetic clients with advanced peripheral neuropathy and proliferative retinopathy should avoid vigorous aerobic activity and heavy weightlifting.
Why is blood glucose monitored after exercise for diabetic clients?
for the prevention of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
The client and fitness professional should collaborate for this. Tracking over the long term can get an idea of how the specific people react to exercise each time.
What is Ketoacidosis
A serious complication of diabetes that occurs when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones.
Know the four different forms of arthritis.
Osteoarthritis – this is the degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear of the joints. The hands, hips, and knees are most typically affected by osteoarthritis, causing loss of strength, reduced flexibility, reduced proprioception, and joint pain. Over 30 million US adults have this condition, 68 percent of whom are over 65 years old.
Rheumatoid arthritis – this is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the hands, wrists, and elbows. About 1 percent of Americans have this condition; two-thirds are women.
Fibromyalgia – this is a condition that causes pain all over the body, sleep problems, fatigue, and emotional and mental distress. Clients with this condition have abnormal pain perception processing, a side effect of the condition, which causes them to be much more sensitive to pain.
Gout – this is an inflammatory arthritis that affects one joint of the body at a time— typically the big toe. This condition comes and goes unpredictably. When the disease is active, it is called a flare, and when it is dormant, it is called a remission.
Osteoarthritis
this is the degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear of the joints. The hands, hips, and knees are most typically affected by osteoarthritis, causing loss of strength, reduced flexibility, reduced proprioception, and joint pain. Over 30 million US adults have this condition, 68 percent of whom are over 65 years old.
Rheumatoid arthritis
this is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that most commonly affects the hands, wrists, and elbows. About 1 percent of Americans have this condition; two-thirds are women.
Fibromyalgia
this is a condition that causes pain all over the body, sleep problems, fatigue, and emotional and mental distress. Clients with this condition have abnormal pain perception processing, a side effect of the condition, which causes them to be much more sensitive to pain.
Gout
this is an inflammatory arthritis that affects one joint of the body at a time— typically the big toe. This condition comes and goes unpredictably. When the disease is active, it is called a flare, and when it is dormant, it is called a remission.
