Ch. 18 Flashcards
biotic factors (example)
living components (deer, human, etc.)
levels of organization
biosphere ecosystem communities populations organisms
how organisms escape unsuitable conditions
migration-move, dormancy- enter state of reduced activity
tolerance curves
range at which an organism is able to function
niche
specific role, or way of life, of a species within its environment
generalist (ex)
species with broad niches (opossum)
producers (ex)
autotrophs that capture energy and use it to make new organic material (plants)
consumers (ex)
obtain food by consuming organic compounds (herbivores,carnivores)
net primary productivity
rate at which biomass accumulates
-only energy stored as biomass is available to other organisms
interdependence/interconnectedness (example)
all organisms and the living and nonliving parts of the environment (birds and plants)
tropic level
indicates the organism’s position in a sequence of energy transfers
specialist (ex)
species with narrow niches (koala)
food web
interrelated food chains in an ecosystem
energy transfer
transfer of energy from one organism to another
~ on average 10% of total energy consumed is transfered
components of biogeochemical cycles
water cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle