Ch. 19 Flashcards

1
Q

uniform dispersion-why+ex.

A

equal distances between every organisms-try to stay as far as possible ex. birds nesting

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2
Q

major factors to human population growth

A

better control of disease, better hygiene/ sanitation, stable food supply

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3
Q

problems associated with small populations

A

inbreeding, vulnerable to extinction

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4
Q

three types of population dispersion

A

uniform, clumped, random

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5
Q

random-ex.

A

where food supply is- snakes

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6
Q

survivorship curves

A

probability that members of a population will survive

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7
Q

survivorship curves type l+ex.

A

very likely to survive younger but less likely when older ex. humans,large mammals,eagles

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8
Q

survivorship curves type ll+ ex.

A

chance of dying/living doesn’t change during lifetime ex. birds, squirrels

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9
Q

survivorship curves type lll+ex.

A

very likely to die when young and less likely to die when older ex.salmon, insects

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10
Q

limiting factors+ ex.

A

any factor that restrains the growth of a population ex. space, food, clean water

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11
Q

carrying capacity (k)

A

number of individuals the environment can support over a long period of time

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12
Q

density-independent factors+ ex.

A

reduce the population by the same proportion regardless of populations size ex. weather, floods, fires

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13
Q

density-dependent factors+ ex.

A

include resources limitations and are triggered by increasing population density ex.shortages of food or nesting sites

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14
Q

lynx and hare study

A

Elton thought their cycles were related- more hare= more lynx, less hare= less lynx

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15
Q

lynx and hare/ moose and wolves on island royale

A

small populations are in much more danger than large populations

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16
Q

problems with inbreeding

A

in small pop., can lead to decreased genetic variability which means less likely to adapt

17
Q

calculate pop. density

A

of individuals/ unit of area

18
Q

age structure

A

distribution of individuals among different ages- developed countries have older pop./ developing countries have younger pop.

19
Q

growth rate depends on:

A

births, deaths, immigration, emigration

20
Q

clumped-why

A

individuals gathered together- food supply is clumped/flocks or herds

21
Q

calculate GR per capita

A

birth rate-death rate= growth rate

growth rate/pop.= growth rate per capita

22
Q

exponential model

A

the population increases rapidly after several generations = exponential growth- “j” shaped
-doesn’t work with limiting factors

23
Q

logistics model

A

like exponential models but takes limiting factors into account

24
Q

agricultural revolution

A

10,000-12,000 years ago, stabilized-increased food supply

25
Q

demographic transition

A

industrial development causes economic and social changes that affect population growth rates

26
Q

how are modern humans like hunter gathers?

A

fishing

27
Q

GR of the world now?

A

1.1%

28
Q

typical wolf mass (lbs.)

A

80-120 lbs.

29
Q

% of wolf accuracy

A

10%

30
Q

Cons to the agricultural revolution

A

more people= disease spreads easier

31
Q

4 most consumed crops

A

potatoes
corn
wheat
rice

32
Q

current world population

A

7.4 billion

33
Q

US pop.

A

313 million

34
Q

California pop.

A

38 million