ch 19.4

Question 1

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 1

reproduction.cellular organization,growth,development,response to stimuli,adaptation through evolution,homeostasis and metabolism

Question 2

what is a controlled variable/ constant?

Answer 2

A variable that stays the same/ constant

Question 3

what is the 10% rule?

Answer 3

when energy is passed through an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next,only 10% of energy will be passed through

Question 4

What is Greenhouse gas?

Answer 4

Greenhouse gas raises the surface temperature of planets by trapping heat

Question 5

what is the competitive exclusion principle?

Answer 5

A proposition that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot co-exist at constant population values

Question 6

What is symbiosis?

Answer 6

Close prolonged association between two or more different biological species

Question 7

What is mutualism?

Answer 7

An association between species in which each benefits from the interaction

Question 8

What is commercialism?

Answer 8

An association in which one species benefits from the interaction and the other is not harmed nor benefited

Question 9

What is parasitism

Answer 9

An association in which one species benefits at the expense of the other

Question 10

What is biodiversity?

Answer 10

The natural world around us and the variety of all different kinds organisms which supports life on earth

Question 11

what is species richness?

Answer 11

The number of species in a region

Question 11

What is a pioneer species

Answer 11

The species that first colonize new environments

Question 12

What is species abundance

Answer 12

the evenness of distribution of individuals among a species in a community

Question 13

What is species evenness

Answer 13

describes the commonness of rarity of a species

Question 14

what is a keystone species?

Answer 14

A species in which other species in an ecosystem largely on

Question 15

what is a foundation species

Answer 15

A species that plays a strong role in structuring the community

Question 16

what is an equilibrium?

Answer 16

The state of a body or physical system that is at rest or in constant unchanging motion

Question 17

What is a food web?

Answer 17

A natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what eats what in a ecological community

Question 18

What is trophic level

Answer 18

The position of an organism in the food chain

Question 19

What is a tertiary consumer?

Answer 19

An animal that obtains its nutrition by eating primary or secondary consumers

Question 20

What is a quaternary consumer?

Answer 20

An animal that consumes at the top of the food chain after the primary consumer

Question 21

What is an autotroph?

Answer 21

An organism that can produce its own food which are producers

Question 22

What is an heterotroph?

Answer 22

An organism that consumes food made by another organism which is a consumer

Question 23

What is Gross primary productivity?

Answer 23

The total amount of carbon dioxide energy captured by autotrophs like through photosynthesis

Question 24

What is net primary productivity?

Answer 24

The rate at which all the autotrophs in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy

Question 25

What is biomagnification

Answer 25

A process causing the concentration of a substance crosses to increase at higher levels of the food chain

Question 26

What is the biogeochemical cycle?

Answer 26

The movement of nutrients and other elements between abiotic and biotic factors

Question 27

What is CHNOPS?

Answer 27

Chno stands for Carbon,Hydrogen,Nitrogen and Oxygen and the Ps stands for Phosphorus and Sulfur

Question 28

What is the hydrosphere?

Answer 28

Total amount of water on a planet

Question 29

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 29

The process in which carbon atoms travel from the atmosphere into organisms then back into the atmosphere

Question 30

What is the nitrogen cycle?

Answer 30

The process in which Nitrogen is converted into many forms consecutively passing from the atmosphere to soil to an organism back into the atmosphere

Question 31

What is the carbon sink?

Answer 31

Anything that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases. Ex:Humans

Question 32

What is the carbon store?

Answer 32

Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediment

Question 33

What is the carbon source?

Answer 33

Carbon sources release more carbon than they absorb

Question 34

What is Eutrophication?

Answer 34

excessive amount of nutrients in a lake or body of water due to runoff from land which causes a dense growth of plants and death in animal life due to the lack of oxygen

Question 35

What is the Phosphorus cycle?

Answer 35

The biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil,water,and living and dead organic material

Question 36

What is the Sulfur cycle?

Answer 36

The process in which Sulfur moves between rocks,waterways, and living systems.