Ch. 2 Vocab

Question 1

Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Answer 1

Epidemiology

Question 2

Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Answer 2

Epidemiologic Transition

Question 3

The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Answer 3

Ecumemene

Question 4

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Answer 4

Doubling Time

Question 5

The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Answer 5

Dependency Ratio

Question 6

The scientific study of population characteristics

Answer 6

Demography

Question 7

The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rate and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total poplation

Answer 7

Demographic Transition

Question 8

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society

Answer 8

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Question 9

The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society

Answer 9

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Question 10

A complete enumeration of a population

Answer 10

Cencus

Question 11

The total number of people divided by the total land area

Answer 11

Arithmetic Density

Question 12

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Answer 12

Agricultural Revolution

Question 13

The ratio of the total number of farmers to the total number of land suitable for agriculture

Answer 13

Agricultural Density

Question 14

A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Answer 14

Zero Population Growth

Question 15

The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Answer 15

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Question 16

The number of males per 100 females in the population

Answer 16

Sex Ratio

Question 17

A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex

Answer 17

Population Pyramid

Question 18

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Answer 18

Physiological Density

Question 19

Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Answer 19

Pandemic

Question 20

The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Answer 20

Overpopulation

Question 21

The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Answer 21

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

Question 22

Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and heal their lives

Answer 22

Medical Revolution

Question 23

The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Answer 23

Life Expectancy

Question 24

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1000 live births in a society

Answer 24

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

Question 25

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Answer 25

Industrial Revolution