Ch. 22 The Respiratory system

Question 1

What are the four processes involved in respiration?

Answer 1

External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
Transport of respiratory gases

Question 2

List the structures belonging to the upper respiratory system:

Answer 2

Nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

Question 3

List the structures belonging to the lower respiratory system:

Answer 3

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 4

What is the major function of the respiratory zone?

Answer 4

Gas exchange

Question 5

In addition to ensuring that the airways remain patent (open), the conducting zone helps condition the
air. List its three effects

Answer 5

a) warm

b) moisten

c) filter/cleanse

incoming air

Question 6

What type of epithelium lines most of the upper respiratory tract and forms part of the respiratory
mucosa?

Answer 6

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

Question 7

What is the function of cilia in the respiratory mucosa?

Answer 7

Moves mucus sheet toward the pharynx

Question 8

What are four key functions of the nose?

Answer 8

A) cleanse, moisten incoming air
B) Houses olfactory smell receptors
C) warm incoming air
D) exit and entrance for air

Question 9

What are two functions of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 9

Produce mucus and lighten weight of skull

Question 10

Name the three regions of the pharynx in order from superior to inferior and identify the type of
epithelium that lines each region:

Answer 10

Nasopharynx (pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium)

Oropharynx (Stratified squamous)

Laryngopharynx (Stratified Squamos)

Question 11

Which region of the pharynx:

a) Serves strictly as a passageway for air? ____________________________________
b) Serves as a passageway for both air and food? (2 regions) ________________, ________________
c) Is continuous with the larynx? ____________________________________
d) Contains the pharyngeal tonsil? ____________________________________
e) Contains the palatine tonsils? ____________________________________
f) Contains the lingual tonsils?

Question 12

The larynx opens directly into two organs: the esophagus and the…

Question 13

What are the three functions of the larynx?

Question 14

How many cartilages make up the larynx?

Which cartilage ensures that food doesn’t end up in the respiratory airways we swallow?

Question 15

Define the following:

a) vocal cords
b) vestibular cords

Which of the above are known as the true vocal cords?

Question 16

What is the function of the C-shaped cartilage rings in the tracheal wall

Why are these rings incomplete posteriorly