This divides the external nares
Nasal septum
This part of the respiratory system moistens, warms, and filters inhaled air
Nose
The anterior portion of the nasal cavity is
Vestibule
These produce mucous in the nasal cavity (2)
Goblet cells, mucous glands
The two types of mucous membranes in the nasal cavity are
Olfactory mucosa
Respiratory mucosa
This connects the nasal cavity and mouth
Pharynx
This pharynx forms the superior point where food enters
Nasopharynx
This part of the nasopharynx destroys entering pathogens
Pharyngeal tonsil
This pharynx extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis
Oropharynx
The orzo pharynx forms these two tonsils
Palatine
Lingual
This pharynx forms the passageway for food and air
Laryngopharynx
The larynx has what three functions
Voice production
Provides an open airway
Routes air and food into proper channels
This cartilage of the larynx forms the Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
This cartilage of the larynx supports
Cricoid
This cartilage of the larynx closes during swallowing to prevent entry of food or liquids from entering the respiratory tract
Epiglottis
The false vocal cords are called
Vestibular folds
The pitch of sound from the vocal folds is determined by
Diameter
Length
Tension of cords
The procedure involving an incision through the trachea to permit airflow is
Tracheostomy
The procedure involving insertion of a tube through the pharynx to permit airflow is
Intubation
The lobar bronchi are called
Secondary
The segmental bronchi are called
Tertiary
Bronchi branch into ____ which branch into ____
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Type II cells of the alveoli secrete this _____ which produce _____ to coat the alveolar epithelium
Surfactant
Oily secretions
Sac surrounding outer surface of lungs
Visceral pleura
Sac surrounding inner surface of the lungs
Parietal pleura
The right lung has ___ lobes and the left lung has ___ lobes
3
2
This supplies oxygen poor blood to the lungs
Pulmonary arteries
This supplies oxygen rich blood to the heart
Pulmonary veins
This part of the body directly affects lung volume
Diaphragm
The respiratory center is located in the
Medulla oblongata
This type of neural control is sensitive to the changes in oxygen levels
Chemoreceptors
The fluid of the lymphatic system is called
Lymph
Lymph is returned to circulation through the right or left
Subclavian veins
These filter lymph
Lymph nodes
T cells are produced in the
Thymus
This filters worn out red blood cells and bacteria
Spleen
Accumulation of interstitial fluid is called
Edema
List the nonspecific defenses
Skin, acid, mucous
Saliva, tears, phagocytosis
Complement, fever
Inflammation
These hormones depress inflammation
Steroids
This part of a foreign cell stimulates the immune system
Antigens
Our self antigens are composed of these proteins
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
The three types of immune system cells are
Antigen-presenting cells (APC) B lymphocytes (B cells) T lymphocytes (T cells)
APC’s are composed of these ____ which engulf foreign cells and attach the cells antigens on their ___ proteins
Macrophages
MHC
B cells are produced in the
Bone marrow
During the primary response, plasma cells form memory B cells and
Secreted antibody molecules
During the secondary response, the memory B cells form plasma cells that form _____, as well as form new memory B cells
Antibodies
B and T cells require stimulation from ____ cells
Helper T
B cells produce ____ and ____ cells
Plasma cells
Memory B
B cells provide ____ immunity
Humoral
Cytotoxic T cells provide ____ immunity
Cellular
Cells that stop B and T cells after infection is conquered
Suppressor T cells
Chemicals used in cellular immunity are ____, which include
Interleukin I
Interleukin II
Perforin
List the five classes of immunoglobulins
Monomer IgD Pentamer IgM Monomer IgG Dimer IgA Monomer IgE
This type of immunity is passed from mother to fetus through placenta
Passive natural
This type of immunity is from injected immunoglobulins
Passive artificial
This type of immunity is from vaccines
Active artificial
This type of immunity is from pathogen contact
Active natural