Ch. 23-24 Flashcards Preview

Anatomy Exam 4 > Ch. 23-24 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 23-24 Deck (57)
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0
Q

This divides the external nares

A

Nasal septum

1
Q

This part of the respiratory system moistens, warms, and filters inhaled air

A

Nose

2
Q

The anterior portion of the nasal cavity is

A

Vestibule

3
Q

These produce mucous in the nasal cavity (2)

A

Goblet cells, mucous glands

4
Q

The two types of mucous membranes in the nasal cavity are

A

Olfactory mucosa

Respiratory mucosa

5
Q

This connects the nasal cavity and mouth

A

Pharynx

6
Q

This pharynx forms the superior point where food enters

A

Nasopharynx

7
Q

This part of the nasopharynx destroys entering pathogens

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

8
Q

This pharynx extends from the soft palate to the epiglottis

A

Oropharynx

9
Q

The orzo pharynx forms these two tonsils

A

Palatine

Lingual

10
Q

This pharynx forms the passageway for food and air

A

Laryngopharynx

11
Q

The larynx has what three functions

A

Voice production
Provides an open airway
Routes air and food into proper channels

12
Q

This cartilage of the larynx forms the Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

13
Q

This cartilage of the larynx supports

A

Cricoid

14
Q

This cartilage of the larynx closes during swallowing to prevent entry of food or liquids from entering the respiratory tract

A

Epiglottis

15
Q

The false vocal cords are called

A

Vestibular folds

16
Q

The pitch of sound from the vocal folds is determined by

A

Diameter
Length
Tension of cords

17
Q

The procedure involving an incision through the trachea to permit airflow is

A

Tracheostomy

18
Q

The procedure involving insertion of a tube through the pharynx to permit airflow is

A

Intubation

19
Q

The lobar bronchi are called

A

Secondary

20
Q

The segmental bronchi are called

A

Tertiary

21
Q

Bronchi branch into ____ which branch into ____

A

Bronchioles

Alveoli

22
Q

Type II cells of the alveoli secrete this _____ which produce _____ to coat the alveolar epithelium

A

Surfactant

Oily secretions

23
Q

Sac surrounding outer surface of lungs

A

Visceral pleura

24
Q

Sac surrounding inner surface of the lungs

A

Parietal pleura

25
Q

The right lung has ___ lobes and the left lung has ___ lobes

A

3

2

26
Q

This supplies oxygen poor blood to the lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

27
Q

This supplies oxygen rich blood to the heart

A

Pulmonary veins

28
Q

This part of the body directly affects lung volume

A

Diaphragm

29
Q

The respiratory center is located in the

A

Medulla oblongata

30
Q

This type of neural control is sensitive to the changes in oxygen levels

A

Chemoreceptors

31
Q

The fluid of the lymphatic system is called

A

Lymph

32
Q

Lymph is returned to circulation through the right or left

A

Subclavian veins

33
Q

These filter lymph

A

Lymph nodes

34
Q

T cells are produced in the

A

Thymus

35
Q

This filters worn out red blood cells and bacteria

A

Spleen

36
Q

Accumulation of interstitial fluid is called

A

Edema

37
Q

List the nonspecific defenses

A

Skin, acid, mucous
Saliva, tears, phagocytosis
Complement, fever
Inflammation

38
Q

These hormones depress inflammation

A

Steroids

39
Q

This part of a foreign cell stimulates the immune system

A

Antigens

40
Q

Our self antigens are composed of these proteins

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

41
Q

The three types of immune system cells are

A
Antigen-presenting cells (APC)
B lymphocytes (B cells)
T lymphocytes (T cells)
42
Q

APC’s are composed of these ____ which engulf foreign cells and attach the cells antigens on their ___ proteins

A

Macrophages

MHC

43
Q

B cells are produced in the

A

Bone marrow

44
Q

During the primary response, plasma cells form memory B cells and

A

Secreted antibody molecules

45
Q

During the secondary response, the memory B cells form plasma cells that form _____, as well as form new memory B cells

A

Antibodies

46
Q

B and T cells require stimulation from ____ cells

A

Helper T

47
Q

B cells produce ____ and ____ cells

A

Plasma cells

Memory B

48
Q

B cells provide ____ immunity

A

Humoral

49
Q

Cytotoxic T cells provide ____ immunity

A

Cellular

50
Q

Cells that stop B and T cells after infection is conquered

A

Suppressor T cells

51
Q

Chemicals used in cellular immunity are ____, which include

A

Interleukin I
Interleukin II
Perforin

52
Q

List the five classes of immunoglobulins

A
Monomer IgD
Pentamer IgM
Monomer IgG
Dimer IgA
Monomer IgE
53
Q

This type of immunity is passed from mother to fetus through placenta

A

Passive natural

54
Q

This type of immunity is from injected immunoglobulins

A

Passive artificial

55
Q

This type of immunity is from vaccines

A

Active artificial

56
Q

This type of immunity is from pathogen contact

A

Active natural