What causes strep throat and scarlet fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes
When does Scarlet Fever occur?
Only when Streptococcus pyogenes is lysogenized by bacteriophage carrying gender for erythrogenic (reddening) toxin
Morphology of Strep Throat causing bacteria
Group A Streptococci, Gram (+), resistant to phagocytes
Symptoms of Strep Throat
causes inflammation, fever, red spots on roof of mouth, pustules on tonsils, thick saliva, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes
Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for these diseases (8)
Strep throat, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic fever, Impetigo, Erysipelas, tonsillitis, acute bacterial endocarditis, otitis media
What bacteria causes Diphtheria?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae; but many strains are nonvirulent
Vaccine that reduced incidence of diphtheria-toxin producing strains
DTaP
Symptoms of Diphtheria
diarrhea, tough greyish membrane can block flow of air from mouth to lungs
What contains diphtheria toxin and tetanus toxoid given when exposure warrants?
Td vaccine
Another name for Earache?
Otitis media
What are (5) bacteria that cause otitis media?
Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes, Staph aureus
Which disease accounts for 25% of antibiotic prescriptions?
Otitis media
Cause by over 200 different viruses
The Common Cold
What can help identify the virus causing the common cold?
PCR
Another name for disease Whooping Cough
Pertussis
What bacteria causes Whooping Cough
Bordetella pertussis
How does Bordetella pertussis invade respiratory system?
It has cilia to help it attach to upper respiratory system lining
Contains LPS and endotoxins
How long are people with whooping cough contagious?
The first 2 weeks for infection
What causes Tuberculosis and MDR-TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Morphology of Mycobacterium TB
slender, rod-shaped, acid-fast, obligate anaerobe
What does Mycobacterium TB look like in liquid media?
mold-like; may form filaments or grow in clumps
When does Mycobacterium tuberculosis become pathogenic?
after formation of mature tubercle (air filled core)
Name bacteria (7) that cause bacterial pneumonia
Pneumococcal pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Coxiella burnetii
Chlamydophila psittaci
bird dropping spread psittacosis
Coxiella burnetti
aka Q Fever; chronic form can cause endocarditis
Which microorganism found in cows lead to an increase in Pasteurization temperatures in 1956?
Coxiella burnetti
Pneumococcal pneumoniae
23 varieties of capsule, most who die of influenza actually die from this secondary infection
How would you test for Pneumococcal pneumoniae?
Rapid antigen test will diagnose in 15 mins
Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia
People at risk for infection have poor nutrition, alcoholism or cancer
What bacteria causes Walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
has no cell wall and causes 20% of all pneumonia cases
Legionella pneumophila
Lives in pipes and natural water sources
Viral pneumonia
Generally secondary complication to influenza
Cause of Influenza
virus HxNx (where x = #s)
Influenza virus
8 RNA segments surrounded by capsid and lipid bilayer which contains Ha and Na spikes
Name the spikes and their functions around influenza virus
Ha: identify and adhere to body cells
Na: separate from infected cell after intracellular reproduction
How are influenza strains identified?
By the Ha and Na antigens
16 subtypes Ha, 9 Na
Two forms of vaccines for influenza virus
Injection: contains attenuated virus
Nasal spray: contains live virus
What causes Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Morphology to Histoplasma capsulatum
dimorphic fungus, yeast can replicate inside macrophages
Where is Histoplasmosis found?
East of Mississippi and inland from ocean in bird droppings
What bacterial disease does Histoplasmosis resemble?
Tuberculosis
What causes San Joaquin Valley Fever?
Coccidioides immitis
Morphology of Coccidioides immitis
spherule fungus, thick walled and body filled with spores that can grow inside tissues and rupture
in the soil hyphae fragment, releasing arthroconidia
Fungus that causes infection similar to bacterial pneumonia
Blastomyces dermatidis
Where is blastomyces dermatidis found
Mississippi and Ohio Rivers
What causes Aspergillosis?
Aspergillus fumigatus
Describe Aspergillosis symptoms
Massive # of spores must be inhaled and fungal ball grows in lungs