Ch. 24: Diseases of the Respiratory System Flashcards Preview

Microbiology > Ch. 24: Diseases of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 24: Diseases of the Respiratory System Deck (48)
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1
Q

What causes strep throat and scarlet fever?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

2
Q

When does Scarlet Fever occur?

A

Only when Streptococcus pyogenes is lysogenized by bacteriophage carrying gender for erythrogenic (reddening) toxin

3
Q

Morphology of Strep Throat causing bacteria

A

Group A Streptococci, Gram (+), resistant to phagocytes

4
Q

Symptoms of Strep Throat

A

causes inflammation, fever, red spots on roof of mouth, pustules on tonsils, thick saliva, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes

5
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for these diseases (8)

A

Strep throat, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic fever, Impetigo, Erysipelas, tonsillitis, acute bacterial endocarditis, otitis media

6
Q

What bacteria causes Diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae; but many strains are nonvirulent

7
Q

Vaccine that reduced incidence of diphtheria-toxin producing strains

A

DTaP

8
Q

Symptoms of Diphtheria

A

diarrhea, tough greyish membrane can block flow of air from mouth to lungs

9
Q

What contains diphtheria toxin and tetanus toxoid given when exposure warrants?

A

Td vaccine

10
Q

Another name for Earache?

A

Otitis media

11
Q

What are (5) bacteria that cause otitis media?

A

Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes, Staph aureus

12
Q

Which disease accounts for 25% of antibiotic prescriptions?

A

Otitis media

13
Q

Cause by over 200 different viruses

A

The Common Cold

14
Q

What can help identify the virus causing the common cold?

A

PCR

15
Q

Another name for disease Whooping Cough

A

Pertussis

16
Q

What bacteria causes Whooping Cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

17
Q

How does Bordetella pertussis invade respiratory system?

A

It has cilia to help it attach to upper respiratory system lining
Contains LPS and endotoxins

18
Q

How long are people with whooping cough contagious?

A

The first 2 weeks for infection

19
Q

What causes Tuberculosis and MDR-TB?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

20
Q

Morphology of Mycobacterium TB

A

slender, rod-shaped, acid-fast, obligate anaerobe

21
Q

What does Mycobacterium TB look like in liquid media?

A

mold-like; may form filaments or grow in clumps

22
Q

When does Mycobacterium tuberculosis become pathogenic?

A

after formation of mature tubercle (air filled core)

23
Q

Name bacteria (7) that cause bacterial pneumonia

A

Pneumococcal pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Coxiella burnetii

24
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci

A

bird dropping spread psittacosis

25
Q

Coxiella burnetti

A

aka Q Fever; chronic form can cause endocarditis

26
Q

Which microorganism found in cows lead to an increase in Pasteurization temperatures in 1956?

A

Coxiella burnetti

27
Q

Pneumococcal pneumoniae

A

23 varieties of capsule, most who die of influenza actually die from this secondary infection

28
Q

How would you test for Pneumococcal pneumoniae?

A

Rapid antigen test will diagnose in 15 mins

29
Q

Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia

A

People at risk for infection have poor nutrition, alcoholism or cancer

30
Q

What bacteria causes Walking pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

31
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

has no cell wall and causes 20% of all pneumonia cases

32
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Lives in pipes and natural water sources

33
Q

Viral pneumonia

A

Generally secondary complication to influenza

34
Q

Cause of Influenza

A

virus HxNx (where x = #s)

35
Q

Influenza virus

A

8 RNA segments surrounded by capsid and lipid bilayer which contains Ha and Na spikes

36
Q

Name the spikes and their functions around influenza virus

A

Ha: identify and adhere to body cells
Na: separate from infected cell after intracellular reproduction

37
Q

How are influenza strains identified?

A

By the Ha and Na antigens

16 subtypes Ha, 9 Na

38
Q

Two forms of vaccines for influenza virus

A

Injection: contains attenuated virus

Nasal spray: contains live virus

39
Q

What causes Histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

40
Q

Morphology to Histoplasma capsulatum

A

dimorphic fungus, yeast can replicate inside macrophages

41
Q

Where is Histoplasmosis found?

A

East of Mississippi and inland from ocean in bird droppings

42
Q

What bacterial disease does Histoplasmosis resemble?

A

Tuberculosis

43
Q

What causes San Joaquin Valley Fever?

A

Coccidioides immitis

44
Q

Morphology of Coccidioides immitis

A

spherule fungus, thick walled and body filled with spores that can grow inside tissues and rupture
in the soil hyphae fragment, releasing arthroconidia

45
Q

Fungus that causes infection similar to bacterial pneumonia

A

Blastomyces dermatidis

46
Q

Where is blastomyces dermatidis found

A

Mississippi and Ohio Rivers

47
Q

What causes Aspergillosis?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

48
Q

Describe Aspergillosis symptoms

A

Massive # of spores must be inhaled and fungal ball grows in lungs