Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > Ch 25: Urinary System Part 1 > Flashcards

Ch 25: Urinary System Part 1 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A
  1. Regulating total water volume and solute concentration in water
  2. Regulate ECF ion concentration
  3. Ensures long-term aic-base concentrations
  4. Removal of waste
  5. Activation of vitamin D
  6. Gluconeogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the kidneys?

A
  1. Renin: regulate BP
  2. EPO: regulate RBC production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the kidneys?

A

Major excretory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the kidney located?

A

Retroperitoneal T12-L5

Right kidney is lower than left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sits atop the kidneys?

A

Adrenal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What enters the kidneys add exits at hilum?

A
    1. Ureters
    2. Renal blood vessels
    3. Lymphatics
    4. Nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the supportive tissues of the kidneys?

A
  1. Renal fascia
  2. Perirenal fat capsule
  3. Fibrous capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the renal fascia?

A

Anchors outer layer of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the perirenal fat capsule?

A

Fatty cushion of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fibrous capsule?

A

Prevents spread of infection to kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the renal cortex?

A

Granular-appearing superficial region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the renal medulla?

A

Composed of cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the minor calces?

A

Drain pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the major calyces?

A

Collect urine from minor calyces emptying urine into renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the renal pelvis?

A

Funnel-shaped tube continuous with ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the route of urine flow through the kidneys?

A

Renal pyramid → minor calyx → major calyx → renal pelvis → ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is pyelitis?

A

Infection of renal pelvis and calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Infection/inflammation of entire kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is pyelitis and pyelonephritis treated?

A

Antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does kidneys do to blood?

A

Cleanses blood adjusting its composition allowing a rich blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How much is the CO to kidneys?

A

1200mL per kidneys/minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What flows out of the kidneys through a similar path?

A

Arterial and venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?

25
What are the ureters?
Transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
26
What is the urinary bladder?
Temporary storage reservoir for urine
27
What is the urethra?
Transports urine out of body
28
Describe the path of blood through the renal blood vessels
Aorta → Renal artery → Afferent arteriole → Glomerus (capillaries) → Efferent arterioles → Peritubular capillaries (vasa recta) → Renal vein → Inferior vena cava
29
What are nephrons?
Structural and functional units that form urine
30
How many nephrons are in a kidney?
Over 1 million
31
What are the 2 parts of the nephrons?
1. Renal corpuscle 2. Renal tubule
32
What are the components of the renal corpuscle?
1. Glomerus 2. Bowman’s capsule
33
What is the glomerulus?
Highly porous that allows filtrate formation
34
- What is the Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s)?
Cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding glomerulus
35
What are the components of the renal tubule?
1. PCT 2. Loop of Henle 3. DCT
36
What is the purpose of the PCT?
Closest to the renal corpuscle that functions in reabsorption and secretion confined to the cortex
37
What is the loop of Henle (Nephron loop)?
1. Proximal descending limb is continuous with proximal tubule 2. Distal descending limb that is thin 3. Thick ascending limb
38
What is the purpose of the DCT?
Farthest from the renal corpuscle that assists with more secretion than reabsorption confined to the cortex
39
What is the collecting ducts?
1. Receive filtrate from many nephrons 2. Fuse together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces
40
What are the cells associated with the collecting ducts?
1. Principal cells 2. Intercalated cells
41
What is the purpose of the principal cells?
Maintains water and Na+ balance
42
What is the purpose of the intercalated cells?
Maintains acid-base balance of blood
43
Where does urine delivery enter after the collecting ducts?
Minor calyces
44
What are the 2 classes of nephrons?
1. Cortical nephrons 2. Juxtamedullary nephrons
45
How much of nephrons are corticol?
85%
46
What is the importance of juxtamedullary nephrons?
Production of concentrated urine
47
What is the structure of cortical nephrons?
Almost the entire cortex
48
Describe the structure of juxtamedullary nephrons
1. Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla 2. Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
49
What are the capillaries associated with the renal tubules?
1. Glomerus 2. Peritubular capillaries
50
What is the glomerulus?
Specialized for filtration, fed and drained by arteriole
51
Why is blood pressure high is the glomerus?
1. Afferent arterioles larger in diameter than efferent arterioles 2. Arterioles are high-resistance vessels
52
What are the peritubular capillaries?
Low-pressure, porous capillaries adapted for absorption of water and solutes
53
What is the capillary associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?
Vasa recta
54
What is the vasa recta’s function?
Formation of concentrated urine
55
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular complex?
Regulation of rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure
56
What are cells associated with JGC?
1. Macula densa 2. Granular cells 3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
57
What is the macula densa?
1. Chemoreceptors that sense NaCl content of filtrate 2. Located in thick ascending limb of nephron loop
58
What are the granular cells?
1. Secretory granules that contain enzyme renin 2. Mechanoreceptors; sense blood pressure in afferent arteriole
59
What are the extraglomerular mesangial cells?
1. Interconnected with gap junctions 2. May pass signals between macula densa and granular cells

Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions