phieas cage
case study
he got a rod stuck in his head
started acting weird, theres a link between the brain and personality
list the different types of brain tests and explain them
neuropsych test;
measures verbal and nonverbal behaviors of people with brain damage
EEG (electric reading);
studies brains electrical activity by putting electrodes on their scalp
destruction and stimulation techniques;
stimulate neurons and remove brain damage
brain imaging;
1. CT
xray of brain
- MRI
magnetic resonance imaging, more detailed CT - PET scan
brain activity, functions of the brain, needs a dye injection some people dont like => - something
same as pet scan except doesnt use the dye
Hierarchy of the brain (check)
Hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
Hindbrain
the primitive level of the brain
medulla; heart rate, respiration, motor neurons
pons ; carries nerve impulses
sleep and arousal
cerebellum; motor movement, coordination, timing of movement (cats)
brain stem
where the spinal cord meets the brain
mindbrain
cluster of sensory and motor neurons
sleep wakefullness attention
reticular formation;
stimulation => attention
damage => coma
forebrain
covered by cortex
reasoning, thinking
2 cerebral hemispheres (what are they)
fissures
the line things that divide the brain, temporal, frontal…
cerebral cortex
- forebrain
- motor cortex
- 600 voluntary body movements
-somatic sensory;
receives sensory input that gives rise to our sensations
left side of the brain
- language hub
- speech comprehension and production
- happy emotions
brocca’s area;
- speech formation
- connections with motor cortex
wernikers area;
-speech understanding
damage;
loss of language
association cortex
- silent part of the brain
- 75% of brain (3/4)
- mental functions
- puts info together for understanding and perception
- silent part of the brain
problem;
agnosia
-the inability to identify familiar objects;
-the information sent to the visual cortex cannot be connected with info stored in areas of the brain
hemispheric lateralization
corpus (left)
collum (right)
right side of brain
- spatial relations
- mental imagery
- artistic abilities
- negative emotions
damage; difficulty recognizing faces
women have some of their language stored in the right side as well
what happens of corpus collum is broken
if an object is flashed on the left side of the screen he cant say or write it but he can touch it and recognize it
if an object is flashed on the right side of the screen he cant recognize it, but he can say it
brain plasticity
the neuron ability to change structures and functions
effects depend on the age and the extent of the damage
repairing damaged brain;
collateral spousing => the surviving neurons take over and the compensates
neurogenisis;
producion of new neurons in the nervous system (mainly in hippocampus)
stem cells (still working on it)
whats the difference between neurogenisis and stem cells though
thalamus
located between brain stem and mindbrain
its like a switchboard
routes senses
organizes input from sensory organs and routes them to the appropriate brain area
abnormalities; schizo (confused world)
hypothalamus
below thalamus part of limbic system motivation emotion eating, sleeping, anger, sex drive connected to endocrine system pleasure and displeasure
hippocampus
temporal lobe
forming and retrieving memories
limbic system
amygdala
emotion center fight/flight aggression/fear produces emotional responses connected with hippocampus (establishes emotional memories)
limbic system
supports functions including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and smell/flavor