Ch. 35.1—Plant Structure, Growth, & Development Flashcards Preview

Biology 113 EXAM 2 > Ch. 35.1—Plant Structure, Growth, & Development > Flashcards

Flashcards in Ch. 35.1—Plant Structure, Growth, & Development Deck (28)
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1
Q

_____ and _____: the two major

groups of angiosperms.

A
  • Monocots.

- Eudicots.

2
Q

The Three Basic Plant Organs:

A
  • Roots.
  • Stems.
  • Leaves.
3
Q

Roots, Stems, and Leaves are organized into a _________ and ________.

A
  • Root System.

- Shoot System.

4
Q

________: rely on sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system—store food in the form of carbohydrates.

A

-Root System.

5
Q

________: rely on water and minerals absorbed by the root system.

A

-Shoot System.

6
Q

Plants with root adaptations include:

A
  • Prop roots
  • Storage roots
  • Pneumatophores
  • “Strangling” aerial roots
  • Buttress roots
7
Q

An ___________ is a structure that has the potential to form a lateral branch, thorn, or flower.

A

-Axillary Bud.

8
Q

Modified stems include:

A
  • Rhizomes.
  • Stolons.
  • Tubers.
9
Q

Modified leaves include:

A
  • Spines.
  • Tendrils.
  • Reproductive leaves.
  • Storage leaves.
10
Q

Each plant organ has ______, _______, and ______ tissues.

A
  • Dermal.
  • Vascular.
  • Ground.
11
Q

________: conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots.

A

-Xylem.

12
Q

_______: transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed.

A

-Phloem.

13
Q

The vascular tissue of a root or stem is collectively called the: _______.

A

-Stele.

14
Q

In _________ the stele of the root is a solid central vascular cylinder.

A

-Angiosperms.

15
Q

Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are the: ___________.

A

-Ground Tissue System.

16
Q

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is _____; ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is ______.

A
  • Pith.

- Cortex.

17
Q

The Major types of plant cells are:

A
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
  • Water-conducting cells of the xylem
  • Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
18
Q

Mature _________: Have thin and flexible primary walls; Lack secondary walls; Are the least specialized; Perform the most metabolic functions; Retain the ability to divide and differentiate.

A

-Parenchyma Cells.

19
Q

_________: are grouped in strands and help support young parts of the plant shoot; have thicker and uneven cell walls; provide flexible support without
restraining growth.

A

-Collenchyma cells.

20
Q

_________: are rigid because of thick secondary walls strengthened with lignin, an indigestible strengthening polymer; dead at functional maturity.

A

-Sclerenchyma cells.

21
Q

The 2 types of Sclerenchyma cells:

A
  • Sclereids

- Fibers

22
Q

________: are short and irregular in shape and have

thick lignified secondary walls

A

-Sclereids

23
Q

_______: are long and slender and arranged in threads

A

-Fibers.

24
Q

The 2 types of water-conducting cells, ______ and ______, are dead at maturity.

A
  • Tracheids.

- Vessel Elements.

25
Q

_______ are found in the xylem of all vascular plants.

A

-Tracheids.

26
Q

___________: are alive at functional maturity, though they lack organelles.

A

-Sieve-tube elements .

27
Q

_________: are the porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the sieve tube.

A

-Sieve plates.

28
Q

Each sieve-tube element has a _________ whose nucleus and ribosomes serve both cells

A

-Companion Cell.