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Bio 223 > Ch 4 Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ch 4 Connective Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

Connective Tissue

7 - Functions

A
  1. Enclosing and seperating other tissues
  2. Connecting tissues to one another
  3. Supporting and moving parts of the body
  4. Storing compounds
  5. Cushioning and insulating
  6. Transporting
  7. Protecting
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2
Q

What are the 3 cell types that make up connective Tissue?

A

Blasts - create the matrix

Cytes - maintain it

Clasts - break it down for remodeling

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3
Q

What are the connective tissue cells that form the framework of the body?

A

Bone cells

Cartilage cells

Fibrous tissue cells

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4
Q

What are the bone cells called?

A

Osteoblasts - form the bone

Osteocytes - maintain it

Osteoclasts - break it down

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5
Q

What are the cartilage cells called?

A

Chondroblasts - form cartilage

Chondrocytes - maintain it

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6
Q

What are the fibrous tissue cells called?

A

Fibroblasts - form fibrous connective tissue

Fibrocytes - maintain it

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7
Q

Adipocytes aka adipose

A

Loose connective Tissue

contain a large amount of lipid. The lipid pushes the rest of the cell contents to the periphery so that each cell appears to contain a large centrally located lipid droplet

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8
Q

Mast cells

A

Play an important role in inflamination. They contain chemicals that are released in response to injury such as trauma and infection

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9
Q

White blood cells

AKA Leukocytes

A

continuously move from blood vessels to connective tissue (rate increases dramatically in response to injury or infection)

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10
Q

Macrophages

A

are large, phagocytic cells found in some connective tissues

They are derived from a type of white blood cell. They are either fixed or wandering.

They play a major role in protecting against infections

Eat bacteria and foreign substances and dead cells.

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11
Q

Platelets

A

fragments of hemopoietic cells containing enzymes and special proteins that function in teh clotting process to reduce bleeding from a wound

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12
Q

Undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells

A

Type of adult stem cell that persist in connective tissue - have the potential to form multiple cell types

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13
Q

What are the 3 major components of connective tissue ECM?

A

Protein fibers (Collagen, reticular, elastic fibers)

Ground substance

Fluid

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of protein fibers of the ECM?

A

Collagen

Reticular

Elastic

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16
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Consist of the protein collagen.

Most abundant protein in body

Very stong and flexible but not very elastic

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17
Q

Reticular fibers

A

very short, thin fibers that branch to form a network - MESH

Fill spaces between tissues and organs

*The reticular connective tissues are found in the kidney, the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. Cradle and suuport organs

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18
Q

Elastic fibers

A

consist of the protein elastin

has the ability to return to its orignal shape after being stretched or compressed

*Found in SKIN lUNGS and BLOOD VESSEL wall

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19
Q

Ground substance of the matrix & two major components

A

gel like mixture of nonfibrous molecules

Hyaluronic acid & proteoglucycans

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20
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

long unbranched polysaccharide chain composed of repeating disaccharide units

*Good lubricant for joint cavities

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21
Q

Proteoglycan monomer

A

large molecule that consists of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides

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22
Q

Adhesive molecules

A

ground substance that hold the proteoglycan aggresgates together as well as attache them to cells fo the tissue

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23
Q

What is the ground substance of Cartilage, bone and fibrous connective tissue?

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A

Chondronectin

osteonectin

fibronectin

24
Q

Mesenchyme

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A

Embryonic connective tissue from which connective as well as other tissues arise

25
Mucous connective Tissue
Embryonic connective tissue - unbilical cord
26
What are the 2 types of Embryonic connective tissues
Mesenchyme & Mucous connective Tissue
27
What are the 3 types of adult connective Tissue?
Connective Tissue Proper Supporting connecting tissue Fluid connecting tissue
28
Loose connective Tissue
Consists of a relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces filled with ground substance and fluid **_Adipose, Reticular, Areolar_**
29
What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?
Areolar, adipose and reticular
30
Areolar Tissue ## Footnote **Type of tissue?** **Cells?** **Ground substance/fibers?** **Locations?**
**_Loose Connective Tissue_** **CELLS:** Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, white blood cells **Ground Substance**: Elastin and collagen fibers **_Found:_** Widely distributed throughout the body, substance on which epithelial tissue rests, packing between glands, muscles and nerves
31
Adipose tissue ## Footnote **Type of tissue?** **Cells?** **Ground substance/fibers?** **Locations?**
**_Loose connective Tissue_** **_Cells:_** Consists of adipocytes which contain a large amount of lipids **_Ground subtance:_** very little ground subatnce of glycoproteins and proteoglycans Functions as an insulator, a protective tissue and a site of energy storage **_Found:_** In subcutaneous areas, around kidneys and attached to surface of the colon
32
Yellow adipose tissue
the most abundant appears white at birth but turns yellow with age
33
Brown adipose
found in specific areas of the body such as armpits, neck and near kidneys Plays a role in regulating body temp in newborns and metabolism in adults
34
Reticular Tissue ## Footnote **Type of tissue?** **Cells?** **Ground substance/fibers?** **Locations?**
**_Loose connective tissue_** Cells: fibroblasts, leukocytes Ground substance: Reticular fibers forms the framework for lympatic tissue,such as spleen and lymph nodes **_Found:_** Within spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow
35
Dense connective Tissue
has a relatively large number of protein fibers which form thick bundles and fill nearly all the extracelluar space
36
What are the 2 subgroups of dense connective tissue?
Regular and irregular
37
Dense regular connective Tissue
has protein fibers in the ECM that are oriented predominantly in one direction Dense regular collagenous connective tissue Dense regular elastic connective tissue
38
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue Matrix composed of? Running in same or different directions? Function: Found:
Matrix composed of collagen fibers Running somewhat in same direction Function: able to withstand great pulling forces in the direction of fibers Found: tendons
39
Dense regular elastic connective tissue Matrix composed of? Running in same or different directions? Function: Found:
consists of parallel bundles of collegan fibers and abundant elastic fibers same direction Function: Able to stretch and recoil like rubber band, strength in direction of fiber Found: Vocal folds & elastic ligaments between vertebrae
40
Dense irregular connective tissue
contains protein fibers arramged as a meshwork of randomly oriented fibers Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue Dense irregular elastic connective tissue
41
Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue Matrix composed of? Running in same or different directions? Function: Found:
Matrix composed of collagen fibers that run in all directions in different directions Function: Strength capable of stretching in all directions Found: Most of dermis, organ capsules
42
Dense irregular elastic connective tissue Matrix composed of? Running in same or different directions? Function: Found:
Matrix composed of bundles and sheets of collagenous and elastic fibers different directions Functions: Capable of strength, stretching in many directions Found: Elastic arteries
43
Cartilage
Composed of cartilage cells within an extensive and relatively rigid matrix. \*Surface of nearly all cartilage is surrounded by a layer of dense irregular connective tissue called perichondrium Hyaline cartilage Fibro cartilage Elastic cartilage
44
Lucunae
Spaces in which cartilage cells are located
45
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage
46
Hyaline cartilage
has a large amount of both collagen fibers and proteoglycans. Collegan fibers are evenly dispursed throughout the ground substance and hyaline cartilage in joint has a very smooth surface
47
Fibrocartilage
more collagen fibers than protepglycans much thick bundles of collagen fibers dispursed throughout matrix Slightly compressable and very tough \*Knee, jaw
48
Elastic cartilage
Has numerous elastic fibers in addition to collagen adn preteoglycans Found in external ears
49
Bone
hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and mineralized matrix
50
What are the 2 types of bones?
Spongy bone and Compact bone
51
Spongy bone
has spaced between the trabeculae or plates of bone and resembles a sponge
52
Compact bone
more solid. almost no space between many thin layers or lamella
53
Blood
A fluid connective tissue \*Matrix is produced by other cells rather than by blood cells
54
Hemopoietic Tissue
Tissue forms blood cells in adults found in bone marrow
55
56
What are the 4 categories of connective tissue?
Proper Blood Bone Cartilage
57
What are the cell types and ground substance of Arerolar connective tissue?
Cell types: Fibroblasts, macrophages, lympocytes, mast cells fiber types/ground substances: Collagen, elastic, reticular

Bio 223 (37 decks)

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