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Pharm > Ch 4 (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Ch 4 (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two Autonomoic Nervous System Anatomy

A

Sympathetic Autonomic Nervous System (SANS)

Parasympathetic Autonomic Nervous Systems (PANS)

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2
Q

Cranial nerves and sacral segments of spinal cord are dealing with which Nervous System?

A

PANS

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3
Q

What are the cranial nerves and segments involved with PANS?

A

Cranial Nerves 3,7, 9 and 10

S2-S4 segments of spinal cord

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4
Q

What cranial nerve is 3?

A

Oculomotor nerve

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5
Q

What is cranial nerve 7?

A

Facial nerve

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6
Q

What cranial nerve is 9?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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7
Q

What cranial nerve is 10?

A

Vagus nerve

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8
Q

Where do the pre and post ganglionic neuron meet?

A

Nictonic receptor

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9
Q

When the pupils are dilated the effect is termed?

A

Mydriasis

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10
Q

When pupils are constructed the effect is termed?

A

Miosis

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11
Q

The space between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is termed?

A

Synapse or synaptic cleft

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12
Q

Term for loss of vision?

A

Cycloplegia

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13
Q

Adverse reactions of Cholinergic agents

A

Increase Salivation
Increase Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation

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14
Q

Direct acting - acts like acetylcholine at receptor sites.

Indirecting acting- causes increase in amount of acetylcholine indirectly

A

Cholinergic Agent

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15
Q

Both ANS divisions consist of what fibers?

A

Afferent (sensory) fibers
Central Integrating Areas
Efferent (peripheral) Motor: preganglinoic and postganglionic motor fibers

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16
Q

Efferent motor nerve consist of both?

A

Preganglionic fiber

Postganglionic fiber

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17
Q

Originates in the central Nervous System (CNS) and passes out to form the ganglia at the synapse with the postgaglionic nerve?

A

Preganglionic neuron

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18
Q

Originates in the ganglia and innervates the effector organ or tissue?

A

Postganglionic neuron

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19
Q

Three acetylcholine (AcH) receptor sites?

A

PANS
Ganglionic
Neuromuscular junction

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20
Q

Side effects of Pilocarpine?

A 
Perspiration (sweating)
Nausea 
Rhinitis (stuffy nose)
Chills
Flushing
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21
Q

Pilocarpine (salagen) available in what?

A

5-mg tablets taken tid

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22
Q

Pilocarpine (IsoptoCarpine) used to treat glaucoma, by what route?

A

Topically

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23
Q

T/ F. Pilocarpine also available as ophthalmic solution in strengths ranging from 0.5% to 10%

A

True

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24
Q

T/F Cholinergic Agents: are choline esters and act directly to receptor.

A

True

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25
Q

Communication between nerves or between nerves and effector tissue takes place by the release of chemical neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft?

A

Neurotransmitter

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26
Q

The neurotransmitter connected with PANS ?

A

Acetylcholine

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27
Q

The neurotransmitter associated with SANS ?

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

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28
Q

Effector organs in SANS ?

A

Smooth muscle
Heart
Exocrine glands

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29
Q

Effector organs in PANS?

A

Heart
Smooth muscle
Exocrine glands

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30
Q

Receptor in PANS?

A

Nicotine

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31
Q

Receptors in SANS?

A

Veins a1
Heart b1
Lungs b2

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32
Q

T/F Cholinergic Agents: indirect-acting, are cholinesterase inhibitors. They inactivate the enzyme thus permitting AcH to react to the receptor

A

True

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33
Q

What are the primary postsynaptic neurotransmitters for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Norepinephrine/epinephrine

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34
Q

Which naturally occurring cholinergic agents is given to stimulate saliva flow?

A

Pilocarpine

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35
Q

Which adrenergic drug is used to treat asthma?

A

Albuterol

36
Q

Which terms refer to the same groups of medications?

A

Sympathomimetic, adrenergic

37
Q

All are adverse reactions of cholinergic agents except which of the following?

A 
Neuromuscular paralysis in large doses Incorrect
  Lacrimation
  Xerostomia (Correct)
  Salivation
  Defecation
38
Q

The term catecholamine refers to which agents?

A

Epinephrine

39
Q

In the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic neuron originates in the __________ and passes out to form the ganglia at the __________ with the postganglionic neuron. The postganglionic neuron originates in the __________ and innervates the __________.

A

central nervous system, ganglia, synapse, effector organ

40
Q

The sensory components of ANS are the __________ fibers, and the motor component of the ANS are the __________ fibers.

A

afferent, efferent

41
Q

A drug that acts at the location where norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released would be termed

A

Adrenergic

42
Q

A drug that has the suffix __________ has the same action as an agonist.

A

-mimetic

43
Q

A drug that acts at the location where a division of the ANS acts and blocks the action (acting as an antagonist) of the neurotransmitter has the suffix __________.

A

lytic

blocker

44
Q

What is the principal neurotransmitter of the PANS?

A

Acetylcholine

45
Q

The action of the released acetylcholine is terminated by hydrolysis by the enzyme

A

Acetylcholinesterase

46
Q

The direct-acting cholinergic or parasympathomimetic (PANS) agents include which drugs?

A

Choline derivatives

Pilocarpine

47
Q

Which conditions are contraindications for PANS agents?

A

Severe cardiac disease
Peptic ulcer
Hyperthyroidism
Gastrointestinal or urinary tract obstruction

48
Q

The anticholinergic or parasympatholytic agents are often used therapeutically to treat which conditions?

A

Decrease salivation and secretions to produce a dry field in oral surgery
Bronchodilator for asthma
Dilation of the pupils for ophthalmologic examinations

49
Q

The combination of anticholinergic agents and levodopa is sometimes used for the treatment of __________.

A

Parkinson’s disease

50
Q

Examples of sympathomimetic adrenergic agonists include which drugs?

A

Epinephrine
Phenylephrine
Norepinephrine

51
Q

Produces dry field for oral surgery?

A

Atropine

52
Q

Used in treatment of shock?

A

Dopamine

53
Q

OTC cold and allergy medication?

A

Pseudoephedrine

54
Q

Vasoconstrictor in local anesthetics?

A

Epinephrine

55
Q

Blocks action of β receptors in SANS?

A

Propranolol

56
Q

Treatment of motion sickness?

A

Scopolamine

57
Q

Treatment of glaucoma?

A

Dipivefrin

58
Q

Used to facilitate intubation for general anesthetic?

A

Succinylcholine

59
Q

Treatment of ADD and ADHD?

A

Methamphetamine

60
Q

The two components of the ANS, the sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS) and the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (PANS) together control regulation of which bodily functions?

A

Regulation of blood pressure and heart rate and smooth muscles of the gut and bronchi

61
Q

When the sympathetic autonomic nervous system is stimulated, the __________ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, acting as a large sympathetic ganglion.

A

Adrenal medulla

62
Q

A reaction that is neither a side effect or allergic reaction

A

Idiosyncratic Response

63
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Functions

A

Regulates BP, heart rate, GI mobility, salivary gland secretions, and bronchial smooth muscles

64
Q

Preganglionic neurons originate in the

A

CNS

65
Q

Postganglionic neurons originate in the

A

Ganglia

66
Q

Neurotransmitter between the preganglionic and postganglionic nerves:
These nerves are:

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Cholinergic

67
Q

Acetylcholine is released:

A

at the 1st and 2nd synapse in the PANS
1st synapse in the SANS
Neuromuscular junction

68
Q

ANS drugs are divided into 4 groups:

A

P+ Cholinergic/Parasympathomimetic (Stimulates PANS)
P- Anticholinergic/Parasympatholytic (Blocks PANS)
S+ Adrenergic/Sympathomimetic (Stimulates SANS)
S- Adrenergic blockers/Sympatholytic (Blocks SANS)

69
Q

agents attach to the nicotine receptor and result in depolarization?

A

Depolarizing Agents

70
Q

Major Neurotransmitter in SANS

A

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

71
Q

PANS consists of:

A 
Cholinergic agents (Parasympathomimetic)
Anticholinergic agents (Parasympatholytic)
Nicnotinic agonists and antagonists
72
Q

Adverse Reactions of Anticholinergic Agents

A

xerostomia, blurred vision, photophobia, tachycardia, fever, urinary and GI stasis, hyperpyrexia, hot/dry flushed skin, CNS excitation

73
Q

Acetylcholine is stimulated by _____, therefore it is _____ in response

A

nicotine

nicotinic

74
Q

When a person is taking multiple drugs

A

Polypharmacy

75
Q

2.2 pounds =

A

1 kilogram

76
Q

Acetycholine is the principle mediator in the

A

PANS

77
Q

Anti Cholinergic agents used to treat?

A 
Parkinson's disease
Motion sickness (Scopilamine)
Ophthalmologic exams
Gi disorders 
Preoperative meds
78
Q

Contraindications of anti Cholinergic agents

A

Glaucoma
Constipation
Urinary
Cardiovascular disease

79
Q

Anticholingeric inhaler used to treat asthma

A

Ipratropium

80
Q

Completely blocks receptors (Cholinergic)

Prevents the action of ACh at postganglionic endings

A

Anticholingeric

81
Q

Parasympathomimetic?

A

Cholinergic

82
Q

Parasymatholytic?

A

Anticholingeric

83
Q

Direct acting: acts like ACh at receptor sites

Indirect acting: causes increase in ACh amount indirectly (breaks down ACh)

A

Cholinergic agents

84
Q

Cholinergic agents treat?

A

Glaucoma
Myasthenic gravis
Urinary retention
Xerostomia

85
Q

Contraindications of Cholinergic agents?

A 
Bronchial asthma 
Hyperthyroidism 
GI or Urinary tract obstruction
Severe cardiac disease 
Peptic ulcer
86
Q

Neurotransmitters between pre and postganglionic?

A

Acetylcholine
Cholinergic
Nicotinic

87
Q

Neurotransmitter between postganglionic and effector tissues?

A

Pans: ACh , Cholinergic, muscarinic

Sans: ne, adrenegic

Pharm (7 decks)

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