Ch. 42 Questions

Question 1

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between _______.

a. high survival rates of offspring & the cost of parental care
b. producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization
c. the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide
d. increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode and a corresponding decrease in parental care
e. choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live

Answer 1

a. high survival rates of offspring & the cost of parental care

Question 2

You observe two female fish of the same species breeding. One female lays 100 eggs and the other female lays 1000 eggs. Which one of the following is LEAST likely given the limits of the fitness trade-offs?

a. the eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs
b. the female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs
c. the female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs
d. the female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs

Answer 2

a. the eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs

Question 3

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates ______.

a. filtration
b. absorption
c. elimination
d. secretion
e. temperature regulation

Answer 3

b. absorption

Question 4

The body tissue that consists largely of material outside of the cells is ______.

a. connective tissue
b. epithelial tissue
c. skeletal tissue
d. smooth muscle
e. nervous tissue

Answer 4

a. connective tissue

Question 5

Tissues functioning together make up _______.

a. organelles
b. organ systems
c. organisms
d. organs
e. membranes

Answer 5

d. organs

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a connective tissue?

a. smooth muscles
b. blood
c. cuboidal epithelium
d. the surface of the skin
e. nerves

Answer 6

b. blood

Question 7

The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is ________.

a. cardiac muscle
b. skeletal muscle
c. smooth muscle
d. striated muscle
e. intercalated cells

Answer 7

c. smooth muscle

Question 8

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _______.

a. less surface area
b. a smaller average distance between its mitochondria and the external source of oxygen
c. the same surface area to volume ratio
d. less surface area to volume ratio
e. a smaller cytoplasm to nucleus ratio

Answer 8

d. less surface area to volume ratio

Question 9

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight, and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures. When they move into the shade and rest, which animal will cool down faster?

a. the elephant will because it has the higher surface area to volume ratio
b. the elephant will because it has the lower surface area to volume ratio
c. they will cool at the same rate because they overheated by the same amount
d. the mouse will because it has the higher surface area to volume ratio

Answer 9

d. the mouse will because it has the higher surface area to volume ratio

Question 10

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body, which general component is being used?

a. sensor
b. integrator
c. effector
d. none of the above

Answer 10

b. integrator