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8 Science > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

0
Q

What were elements organization based on?

A

On their properties

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1
Q

The first elements to be identified were mainly what?

A

Metals

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2
Q

What was Mendeleev’s strategy for classifying elements modeled on?

A

Card game

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3
Q

What did Mendeleev know about each element?

A

The name, relative mass, and properties

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4
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements into rows?

A

By their increasing masses

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5
Q

A periodic table is an arrangement of ________ in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.

A

Elements

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6
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave some locations on his periodic table blank?

A

He left them for elements that had not been discovered

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7
Q

Was Mendeleev the first person to arrange the elements in a periodic table?

A

No

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8
Q

How can you tell if a scientific model is correct?

A

By wether it can be used to make accurate predictions

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9
Q

What did Mendeleev use to locate undiscovered elements?

A

Properties of elements

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10
Q

What did the close match between Mendeleev’s predictions and the actual properties of new elements show?

A

The usefulness of his periodic table

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11
Q

How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table?

A

By the increasing number of protons

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12
Q

Why does the number of elements per period vary?

A

The number of available orbitals increases from energy level to energy level

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13
Q

What value depends on the distribution of an elements isotopes in nature?

A

Atomic mass

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14
Q

Most elements exist as what?

A

A mixture with two or more isotopes

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15
Q

Is the mass of chlorine-37 greater or smaller than the mass of the atom chlorine-35?

A

greater

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16
Q

Name the three categories into which elements are classified into based on their general properties.

A

Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids

17
Q

Do all metals react to oxygen in the same way?

A

No

18
Q

Across a period from left to right, the element becomes (more, less) metallic and (more, less) nonmetallic in their properties.

A

Less,

More

19
Q

Elements within a group have the (same, different) number of valence electrons.

A

Same

20
Q

The reactivity of alkali metals (increases, decreases) from the top of Group 1A to the bottom.

A

Increases

21
Q

Why is sodium stored under oil?

A

Because it reacts with water vapor in the air

22
Q

Differences in reactivity amount on the alkaline earth metals are shown by the way they react with what?

A

Water

23
Q

What does magnesium help/used for?

A

Helps plants produce sugar,

Is used to make lightweight bicycle frames

24
Q

What does calcium help/used for?

A

Helps build strong teeth,

Is the main ingredient in limestone

25
Q

Is aluminum more reactive than sodium and magnesium?

A

No

26
Q

What is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust?

A

Aluminum

27
Q

Aluminum is often found combined with oxygen and what?

A

Bauxite

28
Q

Except for water, what compound is most contained in your body?

A

Carbon

29
Q

What is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen

30
Q

Halogens have similar ________ properties but different __________ properties.

A

Chemical,

Physical

31
Q

What are three characteristics of the noble gasses?

A

Colorless,
Odorless,
Extremely unreactive

32
Q

How can an element that does not react easily with other elements be useful?

A

It can be used to prevent reactions with highly reactive elements

33
Q

Define the following:

An arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row

A

Periodic table

34
Q

Define the following:

A pattern of repeating properties that occurs when atomic numbers are used to arrange elements into groups

A

Periodic law

35
Q

Define the following:

One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom

A

Atomic mass unit

36
Q

Define the following:

Elements that are good conductors of heat and electric current

A

Metals

37
Q

Define the following:

Elements that form a bridge between the elements on the left and right sides of the periodic table

A

Transition metals

38
Q

Define the following:

Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current

A

Nonmetals

39
Q

Define the following:

Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals

A

Metalloids

40
Q

Define the following:

An electron that is in the highest occupied energy level of an atom

A

Valence electron

8 Science (11 decks)

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