CH. 5 DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS Flashcards
(50 cards)
Term for the muscle of the heart
myocardium
Drugs that affect the electrical conduction system of myocardium is know as ______.
Name an example:
What do they block?
Antiarrhythmic aka antidysrhythmic medications
EX:
*Lidocaine (IV)
Digoxin
Block:
- SA node
- AV node
- His-purkinje fibers
- electrolyte channesl
- Beta receptors of myocardium
Name the 3 electrolyte channels
- Na
- Ca
- K
Medications that lower blood pressure are known as _____.
- List one way in which these medication lower blood pressure
- Name an example:
- Antihypertensive medications
- Lowers BP by decreasing Na and water retention
Ex:
*Lisinopril
Name a heart failure medication
and how does it work
Digoxin
makes heart muscle stronger
When patients are prescribed 1 of these 5 medications, they are generally much less stable and acute problems can occur rapidly. What are they?
- Dobutamine
- Milrinone
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
What classification of medication is used for high cholesterol?
Name an example
Lipid-lowering medication
AKA: Statins
ex:
1. Simvastatin
2. Atorvastatin
What is the purpose of a diuretics?
Name an example:
aka: water pills
removes excess fluid and Na from blood stream, which in turns can also lower BP
Ex:
- Hydrochlorathiazide
- Furosemide
Over use of a diuretic can lead to ______.
Dehydration or kidney failure
These medication are frequently used in patients who have either a history of blood clot formation or the potential to develop clots
name an example:
Anticoagulant medication
Ex: warfarin
This classification of medication are used in patients who have had a heart attack or stroke in the past , it is known as ______.
How does it work
name an example
Antiplatelet medicaiton
Provants clots from forming
ex:
Oral: Aspirin
Class of medications used to break down a newly formed blood clot are known as ?
name an example
name a side effect of this classification of drugs
Thrombolytic medication
Ex:
1. Altepase
can cause bleeding intenally and externally
What is the most high risk class of medications that can leave patients in high risk for bleeding internally and externally
How does it work?
Give an example
thrombolytic medication
breaks down blood clot
ex: Altepase
What are the most commonly prescribed class of medications than any other medication on the market?
How does it work
name an example
Analgesics ( pain medication)
Acts by decreasing the perception of pain
*tylenol is the most common analgesic
What is the most common analgesic
Acetaminophen
Analgesic medications of ______ mg per day can lead to severe liver damage
> 4000 mg/day
_____ stimulate opioid receptors to decrease perception of pain
Name an example
Name a side effect
Narcarotics
ex:
Morphine
Tramadol
Side effect: Respiratory depression ( reversed by Naloxone)
What medication can reverse respiratory arrest caused by narcotics
Naloxone
What does NSAIDs stand for
What is it for
Name an example
Name a side effect
Non steriodial anti-inflammatory drugs
Treats pain associated with inflammation
Ex: Ibuprofen
Side effect: ulceration of stomach and kidney failure
- What are muscle relaxants used for?
- Name an example
- Name a side effect
- Treats pain associated with muscle spasms
- Lorazepam
- Respiratory depression
- What are antihistamine medication used for?
- Name an example
- Name a side effect
- Blocks histamine producing adverse effects
- Benadryl
- respiratory depression
- What are antidiabetic medications used for?
2. Name an example
For patients who can not maintain balance between blood and tissue sugar.
Ex:
Insulin dependent = Insulin
Non Insulin dependent = Metformin
What is the difference between type 1 & 2 diabetes
Type 1 occurs when there is little or no circulating endogenous insulin .
Type 2 patients do have circulating endogenous insulin but poor receptor sensitivity to insulin .
What medication interacts with contrast.
what are instructions prior to IV contrast
What are side affects of these 2 together
metformin
Should be held before exams and 48 hrs. afterwards
metaboloc acidosis can occur
