CH 9

Question 1

race

Answer 1

group of people who share a set of characteristics, said to share a common bloodline

Question 2

racism

Answer 2

belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

Question 3

scientific racism

Answer 3

19th century theories of race that characterize a period of investigation into origins, explanations, and classifications of race

Question 4

ethnocentrism

Answer 4

belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others

Question 5

ontological equality

Answer 5

philosophical and religious notion that all people are created equal

Question 6

social darwinism

Answer 6

application of Darwinian ideas to society, mainly the “survival of the fittest”

Question 7

eugenics

Answer 7

“well born”, pseudoscience that postulates controlling the fertility of populations could influence traits passed onto each generation

Question 8

nativism

Answer 8

movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture from dangerous and polluting effects of new immigrants

Question 9

one-drop rule

Answer 9

belief that one drop of black blood makes a person black, evolved from US laws forbidding interracial marriage

Question 10

miscegenation

Answer 10

interracial marriage, mixing of kinds, exogamy, outmarriage

Question 11

racialization

Answer 11

formation of new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries/difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people

Question 12

ethnicity

Answer 12

ethnic equality or affiliation, voluntary and self-defined, nonhierarchical, based on cultural differences

Question 13

symbolic ethnicity

Answer 13

nationality (no duties of citizenship) but for identifying with a past or future nationality

Question 14

straight-line assimilation

Answer 14

Robert Park’s 1920s universal and linear model for how immigrants assimilate: first arrive, settle in, then settle in

Question 15

primordialism

Answer 15

Clifford Geertz’s term to explain the strength of ethnic ties because they are fixed in deeply felt ties to one’s homeland culture

Question 16

pluralism

Answer 16

presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in one society

Question 17

segregation

Answer 17

legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity

Question 18

genocide

Answer 18

mass killing of a group of people based on racial, ethnic, or religious traits

Question 19

subaltern

Answer 19

subordinate, oppressed group of people

Question 20

collective resistance

Answer 20

organized effort to change a power hierarchy on the part of a less-powerful group in a society

Question 21

prejudice

Answer 21

thoughts and feelings about an ethnic or racial group

Question 22

discrimination

Answer 22

harmful or negative acts against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category

Question 23

institutional racism

Answer 23

institutions and social dynamics that may seem race neutral but are actually disadvantage security groups