Ch. 9: Autonomic NS

Question 1

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 1

• secrete epinephrine into blood for widespread distribution
• (bost ganglionic neuron very short)
• Adrenal medulla is ganglia

Question 2

Control Neuron somas in_____. (PNS)

Answer 2

medulla and pons

Question 3

Acetylcholine

Answer 3

Preganglionic: fast, quick response

Postganglionic: slow prolonged response

Question 4

metabolism

Answer 4

Sympathetic: increase metabolism/uses energy
Parasymp: decrease metab/store energy

Question 5

Mm Blood Flow

Answer 5

Symp: increase/decrease (capacitance/shunt)
Parasymp: N/A

Question 6

Afferent Pathways

Answer 6

• Spinal Nerves (anterolateral column–visceral info)

- cranial Nn (VII, IX, X–from deep viscera)

Question 7

Autonomic NT

Answer 7

Cholinergics (Ach)

Adrenergics (NE, Epi)

Question 8

Control Areas

Answer 8

Cell Bodies in pons/medulla and send axons to spinal cord

Question 9

Outlying ganglia

Answer 9

-ganglia out near target organs

abdominal and pelvic organs

Question 10

Functions of sympathetic NS

Answer 10

1. reg temp
2. reg blood flow to Mm
3. reg vision
4. Salivary glands-thicker saliva
5. Reg HR and contractility
6. Reg Air exchange
7. Reg GI, bowel, bladder
8. Reg metab

Question 11

different receptors on different tissues allow____

Answer 11

sympathetic NT to act differently

Question 12

Synergistic Effects

SNS/PNS

Answer 12

• HR
• Bowel/Bladder
• Iris of eye

Question 13

2 components of ANS

Answer 13

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Question 14

Sympathetic NS

Answer 14

• thoracolumbar outflow
• fight/flight
• uses energy

Question 15

4 receptors of ANS

Answer 15

• Mechanoreceptors (pressure/stretch)
• chemoreceptors (chemical environment)
• nociceptors (stretch/ischemia)
• thermoreceptors (hypothalamus/cutaneous temp)

Question 16

central regulation of visceral function

Answer 16

• control areas (medulla/pons)

- modulatory areas (hypothal, thal, limbic)

Question 17

Modulatory areas

Answer 17

• cell bodies in thal, hypothal, limbic

- send axons down to pons/medulla

Question 18

Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 18

• Damage to cervical paravertebral ganglia

- -drooping eyelid, pupil constriction, flushing, abscense of sweating (no sympathetic work)

Question 19

Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in___

PNS

Answer 19

• Nuclei of cranial Nn (III, VII, IX, X)

- lateral horn of spinal cord from S2-S4

Question 20

–Sympathetic NS–
Control cell bodies:
Control Axons:

Answer 20

Bodies: pons/medulla
Axons: descending spinal cord in lateral columns

Question 21

HR/contractility

Answer 21

Symp: increase HR/contractility
Parasymp: decrease HR, no effect on contractility

Question 22

Vision

Answer 22

Symp: dilate pupil, elevate eyelid, increase far vision
Parasymp: constrict pupil, increase convexity of lens, increase near vision

Question 23

Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in____

PNS

Answer 23

peripheral ganglia near organs they innervate

Question 24

Damage to spinal region

Answer 24

only affect PNS if in S2-S4

Question 25

Ant: Post: Lat:

Answer 25

Ant: motor Post: Sensory Lat: autonomic

Question 26

Air Exchange

Answer 26

Symp: dilate airways Parasymp: constrict airways

Question 27

Cell bodies of preganlionic neurons in____ | SNS

Answer 27

Lateral horn of spinal cord T1-L2

Question 28

Salivary Glands

Answer 28

Symp: increase thickness Parasymp: thin saliva (start of digestion)

Question 29

Adrenergics

Answer 29

Preganglionic symp: (NE, to target organ) Adrenal Medulla: (Epi, into bloodstream)

Question 30

Post-ganglionic

Answer 30

- cell bodies in peripheral ganglion | - send axons from ganglion to visceral organ

Question 31

Syncope

Answer 31

- Vasopressor Syncope - ---sudden emotion causes dilation of vessels and decreased BP - Vasovagal syncope - ---Above plus PNS slows HR - Postural (orthostatic) hypotension - ---ANS malfunction and doesn't constrict venules upon rising -Decreased CO-->decreased BP

Question 32

If peripheral nerve damaged:

Answer 32

- only sympathetic system effected | - -->decreased tissue health, change in Mm strength and sensation

Question 33

Autonomic NS: peripheral pathway

Answer 33

2 neurons

Question 34

Autonomic NS: Termination

Answer 34

everything but Mm fibers

Question 35

Autonomic NS: control

Answer 35

-unconscious

Question 36

Autonomic NS: myelination and neuron size

Answer 36

preganglionic: myelinated Postganglionic: not Size: pregang=B, postgang=C

Question 37

Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons in____ | SNS

Answer 37

paravertebral ganglia outlying ganglia adrenal medulla

Question 38

paravertebral ganglia

Answer 38

- string of pearls all up and down spinal cord | - symp neurons only exit at levels T1-L2

Question 39

Preganglionic

Answer 39

- cell bodies in brain stem/spinal cord | - send axons outside to ganglion

Question 40

tests of Autonomic function

Answer 40

-checking for orthostatic hypotension

Question 41

GI, Bowel, Bladder

Answer 41

symp: decrease activity Parasymp: empty bowel/bladder, increase peristalsis

Question 42

body temp

Answer 42

Symp: increase/decrease (metab, shunt, sweat) Parasymp: n/a

Question 43

Unopposed effects | SNS/PNS

Answer 43

SNS: blood vessels, sweat glands, contractility of heart PNS: lense of eye, external genitalia

Question 44

Somatic NS: Peripheral Pathway

Answer 44

1 neuron

Question 45

Somatic NS: termination

Answer 45

skeletal muscle fibers

Question 46

Somatic NS: control

Answer 46

conscious control

Question 47

Somatic NS: myelination and neuron size

Answer 47

``` thick myelin (A-alpha Size: large, A-Alpha ```

Question 48

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 48

- craniosacral outflow - rest, digest, feed, breed - stores energy

Question 49

Central axons for sacral segments____ | PNS

Answer 49

descending in lateral column of spinal cord

Question 50

Efferent pathways

Answer 50

- Sympathetic System (pre/postganglionic) | - Parasymp (pre/postganglionic)

Question 51

Connections of visceral afferents in spinal Nn

Answer 51

- to brainstem, hypothal, thal (anterolat column; autoresponse to pain - somatosensory nociception afferents (referred pain) - visceral efferents (inhibit organ function to protect) - Somatic efferents (muscle guarding to protect organ)