CH 9 Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in CH 9 Patterns of Inheritance Deck (30)
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1
Q

heredity

A

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

2
Q

genetics

A

the scientific study of heredity

3
Q

Gregor mendel

A
  • worked in the 1860’s
  • was the first person to analyze patterns of inheritance
  • deduced the fundamental principles of genetics
4
Q

Mendel studied garde peas because

A
  • easy to grow
  • came in many readily distinguishable varieties
  • easily manipulated
  • can self-fertilize
5
Q

character

A

a heritable feature that varies among individuals

6
Q

trait

A

a variant of a character

7
Q

Mendel

A
  • created purebred varieties of plants and

- crossed two different purebred varieties

8
Q

hybrids

A

offspring of two different purebred varieties

9
Q

P generation

A

the parental plants

10
Q

F1 generation

A

the parents hybrid offspring

11
Q

F2 generation

A

a cross of the F1 plants

12
Q

Mendel’s four hypothesis

A
  1. the alternative versions of genes are called alleles
  2. for each inherited character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parents
  3. if two alleles of an inherited pair differ, one detrained the dominant all era done the recessive allele
  4. gametes carry only one allele for each inherited character
13
Q

punnett square highlights

A
  • the four possible combinations of games

- the four possible offspring in the F2 generation

14
Q

phenotype

A

an organisms physical appearance

15
Q

genotype

A

an organisms genetic makeup

16
Q

dominant traits are not necessarily

A
  • normal or

- more common

17
Q

wild type traits

A
  • those seen most often in nature and

- not necessarily specified by dominant alleles

18
Q

many human traits

A
  • show simple inheritance and

- are controlled by single genes on autosomes

19
Q

carriers

A

individuals who have the recessive all but appear normal

20
Q

cystic fibrosis

A
  • most common lethal genetic disease in the US

- caused by a recessive all carried by about one in 31 americans

21
Q

inbreeding

A

prolonged geographic isolation of certain populations caused by the mating of close relatives
-increases the chances of offspring that are homozygous for a hatful recessive trait

22
Q

achrondoplasia

A
  • form of dwarfism
  • homozygous dominant genotype causes death of embryo
  • only heterozygotes have this disorder
23
Q

huntington’s disease

A

leads to degeneration of the nervous system, does not usually begin until middle age

24
Q

incomplete dominance

A

F1 hybrids have an appearance between the phenotypes of the two parents

25
Q

codominance

A

when both dominant alleles are expressed equally

ex: ABO blood types

26
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

the additive affects of two or more genes on a single phenotype

27
Q

many characteristics result from a combination of

A
  • heredity

- environment

28
Q

sex-linked gene

A

any gene located in a sex chromosome

29
Q

most sex linked gene are found

A

on the X chromosome

30
Q

red-green colorblindness

A
  • a common human sex-linked disorder

- caused by a malfunction of light-sensitive cells in the eyes