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Flashcards in CH02_CELLS Deck (8)
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1
Q

Cells

A

the smallest unit of life

2
Q

Living Things

A

take nutrients, can repair themselves, can reproduce

3
Q

3 Parts of a Cell

A

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

4
Q

Basic Chemicals

A
  1. carbs - starches, sugars, glucose
  2. lipid - fats, oils
  3. protein - diverse structures and functions
  4. nucleic acids - DNA, RNA
5
Q

Cell Membrane

A

inside the cell - intracellular

outside the cell - extracellular

extracellular fluids - interstitial fluids (within tissues)

phospholipid bilayer

protein channels - transport through membranes

receptors - attach to chemical messengers from other cells

glycocalyx - cell coat, helps cell stick together

antigents - recognize self vs foreign

cholesterol - support, strengthen cell membrane

6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

cytosol - liquid

inclusions - special chemicals, fats, hemoglobin, pigments

organelles - compartments in cytoplasm w/ special functions

ribosomes- site of protein synthesis

endoplasmic reticulum - transports through cytoplasm

  • RER: have ribosomes, protein synthesis
  • SER: no ribosomes, lipid synthesis, calcium storage

mitochondria - makes ATP, cell respiration

Golgi apparatus- packages proteins for secretion

Lysosomes - destroy foreign cell, aids on apoptosis, contains lysozyme

7
Q

Nucleus

A

contains genetic material = DNA = contains the code to make protein

chromosome = 1 DNA + attached protein

humans have 42 chromosomes, 23 pairs and appx 23,000 genes

nucleolus - site of ribosome synthesis

8
Q

Mitosis

A

cell division or cell multiplication, for body cells - identical

  • prophase: chromosomes appear
  • metaphase: chromosomes line up
  • anaphase: chromosomes move to opposite poles
  • telophase: cell membrane forms fissure
  • cytokinesis: cell separation

Interphase: if a cell is not going through mitosis it is in interphase/cell growth