Cells
the smallest unit of life
Living Things
take nutrients, can repair themselves, can reproduce
3 Parts of a Cell
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Basic Chemicals
- carbs - starches, sugars, glucose
- lipid - fats, oils
- protein - diverse structures and functions
- nucleic acids - DNA, RNA
Cell Membrane
inside the cell - intracellular
outside the cell - extracellular
extracellular fluids - interstitial fluids (within tissues)
phospholipid bilayer
protein channels - transport through membranes
receptors - attach to chemical messengers from other cells
glycocalyx - cell coat, helps cell stick together
antigents - recognize self vs foreign
cholesterol - support, strengthen cell membrane
Cytoplasm
cytosol - liquid
inclusions - special chemicals, fats, hemoglobin, pigments
organelles - compartments in cytoplasm w/ special functions
ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
endoplasmic reticulum - transports through cytoplasm
- RER: have ribosomes, protein synthesis
- SER: no ribosomes, lipid synthesis, calcium storage
mitochondria - makes ATP, cell respiration
Golgi apparatus- packages proteins for secretion
Lysosomes - destroy foreign cell, aids on apoptosis, contains lysozyme
Nucleus
contains genetic material = DNA = contains the code to make protein
chromosome = 1 DNA + attached protein
humans have 42 chromosomes, 23 pairs and appx 23,000 genes
nucleolus - site of ribosome synthesis
Mitosis
cell division or cell multiplication, for body cells - identical
- prophase: chromosomes appear
- metaphase: chromosomes line up
- anaphase: chromosomes move to opposite poles
- telophase: cell membrane forms fissure
- cytokinesis: cell separation
Interphase: if a cell is not going through mitosis it is in interphase/cell growth