Ch.1 Flashcards by Kailee Olivia

The Anterior medial thoracic region is called the ___ region.

Sternal

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Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does “B” represent?

left

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The umbilical region is commonly known as the

Navel

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Amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the ____ plane.

Transverse

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The femoral region is the

thigh

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The function of ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) is to conserve water by decreasing urine output. According to the negative feedback mechanism, ADH will be secreted when the

Body is running low in water

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The lumbar region is the

Lower back

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The thumb is ____ to the fifth digit (little finger).

Lateral

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The cranial cavity is ____ to the thoracic cavity

Cephalic or Superior

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Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following.

Gross Anatomy

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Which of the following abdominal regions would contain the appendix

Right illac

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The three major anatomical planes are

sagittal, frontal, and transverse

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Most of the terms used in anatomy and physiology originated from which of the following languages?

Greek and Latin

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All of the following are found in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT the:
lungs
pleurae
meninges
heart

meninges

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A parietal membrane ____, whereas a visceral membrance _____.

lines cavities; covers organs

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List the six levels of organization

chemical level
cell level
tissue level
organ level
organ system
organism level

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Name the four basic types of tissue

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

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list the level of organ systems of the body and give a brief explanation of each

Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Urinary System
Female Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System

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Six characteristics of life

Organization: Refers to the specific interrelationships among the parts and how those parts interact to perform specific functions.

Metabolism: All chemical reactions taking place in the cells and internal environment of an organism.

Responsiveness: Organism’s ability to change in its external or internal environment and adjust to those changes.

Growth: Refers to an increase in size or number of cells, which produces an enlargement all parts of an organism.

Development: Changes of an organism undergoes through time, beginning with fertilization and ending at death.

Reproduction: Formation of new cells or new organisms.

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What components are part of the negative feedback mechanism

Receptor: Monitors the value of a variable such as body temperature.

Control Center: Such as part of the brain, which establishes the set point around which the variables is maintained through with the receptors
and effectors.

Effectors: Such as sweat glands, which can adjust the value of the variable, usually back toward the set point.

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An organ system is

a group of organs with a common set of functions

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What is homeostasis

the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

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What is the average body temperature

98.6 degrees Fahrenheit

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A term that means “toward the attached end of the limb” is

proximal

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What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance

urinary system

The pleural cavity is the

space located between the visceral and parietal pleura

The sural region is the

calf

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

lateral

The dorsal cavity includes which of the following smaller cavities

spinal and cranial

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

digestive system

To maintain life all living organisms depend on

food

Cells contain structures called ____, which can perform specific activities like energy production, and digestion

organelles.

Which of the following carries necessary compounds like nutrients and hormones throughout the body

blood

Cephalic means

closer to the head

A _____ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body.

sagittal

The cervical region is the

neck

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does "D" represent

lateral

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?"

digits

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on what movement

protons in the magnetic field

Posterior means

towards the back of the body

the gluteal region is commonly known as the

buttock

The location and description of bones in the skeletal system will be covered under

anatomy

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

metabolism

Once digested, food compounds must be

absorbed and assimilated

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does "C" represent

Median

The breast is in the _____region. a. sternal b. acromial c. pectoral d. cervical

pectoral

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. In terms of figure B, what serous membrance does "B" represent?

perietal peritoneum (lines cavity)

A CT scan allows for a 3-Dimensional image to be generated. True or False

True

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of

responsiveness

The integumentary system

regulates body temperature

In figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures, what does "A" represent?

mediastinum (structures in between the lungs)

A bullet enters the left lung and collapses it. Which cavity has been entered

pleural (lungs)

In the anatomical position, the palms of the hands face

anteriorly

The mesentary is

a double layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall

The anticubital region is the

area in front of the elbow

Deep means

away from the surface

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

reverses the original stimulus

Which of the following activities is not necessary to maintain life

intellectual capability

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent

Diaphragm

The _____ contains a portion of the inguinal region

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called

development

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "D" represent

abdominal cavity

The skin is an example of a(n)

organ

The acromial region is the

point of the shoulder

The anatomical "arm" refers to the part of the upper limb from the

shoulder to the elbow

A view of the heart showing the interior of all four chambers would be a ____ section

coronal or frontal plane

Biochemical and molecular explanations provide a better understanding of

physiology of organs

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ____ cavity

abdominal

What organ system is responsible for the production of blood cells

skeletal system

Which of the following sets of direction terms are most appropriately referred to as opposites? a. lateral and median b. superior and inferior c. anterior and posterior d. distal and proximal

distal and proximal

A blood stimulating even more blood clotting is an example of

positive feedback

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does "A" represent?

right

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the functions of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

physiologist

An organ is

a structure composed of several tissue types

The visceral pleura is

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

The term "dorsal" means

toward the back of the body

The ankle is ____ to the knee

distal

The spleen is in the ____ of the abdomen

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A tissue is a

group of cells with similar structure and function

The study of the microscopic structure of the tissues and organs is called

histology

the axillary region is the

armpit

The popliteal region is the

hollow behind the knee

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the

visceral pleura (covers lung)

The shoulder is ____ to the elbow

proximal

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent?

thoracic cavity

the brachial region is commonly known as the

upper arm

An increase in the number of cells is

growth

A ______ section separates the body into right and left portions

sagittal

Medial means

towards the middles or midline of the body

In terms of figure C, showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "E" represent?

pelvic cavity

An organelle is

a small structure within a cell

In terms of figure B, this is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What serous membrane does "C" represent?

visceral peritoneum

The plantar surface is the

bottom of the foot

A researcher discovered a new hormone that raises blood calcium levels. According to the principles of negative feedback, this hormone would be secreted when

blood calcium levels decrease

What is the parietal pericardium

the membrane that lines the pericardial sac

The anus is in the ____ region

perineal

The groin is also known as the ____ region

inguinal

Directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. In terms of figure A, what does "E" represent?

inferior

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints

skeletal

The antebrachial region is the

forearm

Anatomy deals with the

structure of the human body

To understand the structure and function of an organism we also need to understand the structure and properties of

atoms and molecules

A cell is

the basic structural unit of plants and animals

Consider the following structural levels: chemical, organ, tissue, cell, and organ system. Which level encompasses the other four

organ system

An anatomic image created from sound waves is an

ultrasound (or sonogram)

Positive feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body

false (giving birth blood pressure raises)

Ch.1 Flashcards

(106 cards)