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Flashcards in CH.1 Deck (19)
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1
Q

Tribute

A

demanded from subject people (comparable to taxes in Europe) brought many goods to Tenochtitlán

2
Q

Matriarchy

A

power inherited through female lines of authority

3
Q

Animism

A

the natural world was suffused with spiritual power

4
Q

Patriarchy

A

property and social identity descended in male family lines

5
Q

Primogeniture

A

fathers bestowed all their land on their eldest son, forced many younger children to join the ranks of roaming poor

6
Q

Peasants

A

farmworkers who lived in small villages surrounded by fields farmed cooperatively by different families

7
Q

Republic

A

states that had no prince or king but instead were governed by merchant coalitions

8
Q

Civic Humanism

A

praised public virtue and service to the state and in time profoundly influenced European and American conceptions of government

9
Q

Renaissance

A

the arts and learning associated with this cultural transformation from 1300 to 1450

10
Q

Guilds

A

artisan organizations that regulated trades

11
Q

Christianity

A

grew out of Jewish monotheism (the belief in one god), held that Jesus Christ was himself divine

12
Q

Heresies

A

satan was constantly challenging God by tempting people to sin. Doctrines spread it by being inconstant with the teachings of the church - were seen as tools of Satan

13
Q

Islam

A

the religion whose followers considered Muhammad to by God’s last prophet

14
Q

Crusades

A

to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands where Christ had lived

15
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

the controversy between the Roman Catholic Church and radical reformers like Luther and Calvin spread throughout much of Western Europe

16
Q

Counter Reformation

A

the Catholic church sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders

17
Q

Trans-Saharan Trade

A

The primary avenue of trade for West Africans passed through Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires

18
Q

Reconquista

A

the campaign by Spanish catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland

19
Q

Predestination

A

God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to eternal damnation