Ch11 the muscular system Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are the two main types of muscle attachments?
Origin (stationary bone) and Insertion (movable bone).
How do skeletal muscles produce movement?
Skeletal muscles produce movement by contracting, pulling on tendons, and moving bones at joints.
Name the five types of fascicle arrangements.
Parallel, Fusiform, Circular, Triangular, Pennate (Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate).
What is the relationship between fascicle arrangement and muscle performance?
Fascicle arrangement correlates with the muscle’s power and range of motion.
What are the benefits of stretching muscles?
Improved performance, reduced injury risk, reduced soreness, better posture, increased synovial fluid, and neuromuscular coordination.
Define the roles of prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in muscle groups.
Prime mover causes the action, antagonist opposes it, synergist steadies movement, fixator stabilizes origin.
List six criteria used to name muscles.
Location, size, number of origins, shape, direction of fibers, origin and insertion, action.
What is an example of a muscle named for its shape?
Deltoid (triangular shape).
What type of movement does an abductor muscle perform?
Moves a bone away from the midline.
Name a muscle with a ‘short’ designation.
Adductor brevis.
What is the function of tendons in muscle movement?
Tendons attach muscles to bones and transmit force to create movement.
Describe the pennate fascicle arrangement.
Short fascicles attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle; types include unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate.
What is the difference between fusiform and parallel fascicle arrangements?
Fusiform muscles taper at the ends, while parallel muscles run along the muscle’s length without tapering.
Which fascicle arrangement forms sphincter muscles?
Circular fascicle arrangement.
What are the key features of triangular fascicle arrangement?
Fascicles spread out from a broad area and converge on a single tendon, forming a triangular shape.
What determines the power a muscle can generate?
The number of fibers per cross-sectional area.
What determines the range of motion of a muscle?
The length of the muscle fibers.
Name the injection sites for intramuscular injections (IM).
Deltoid, Gluteus medius, Vastus lateralis.
What muscle group action helps prevent unwanted movements during prime mover activity?
Synergists.
What type of muscle stabilizes the origin of a prime mover?
Fixator.
How does the term ‘rectus’ relate to muscle naming?
It means ‘parallel to the midline’ (e.g., Rectus abdominis).
How are muscles named based on their origin and insertion?
By their attachment points (e.g., Sternocleidomastoid originates on the sternum and clavicle, inserts on the mastoid process).
Give an example of a muscle named for its action.
Flexor carpi radialis (flexes the wrist).
What is the role of an antagonist muscle?
It opposes the action of the prime mover and stretches during the movement.
