Ch2 - composition of body and cells Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
zygote
A
the origin of every cell in the body
the result of fertilization of an egg by a sperm
2
Q
conception
A
the result of fertilization of an egg by a sperm
3
Q
root - fertiliz
A
to make fruitful
4
Q
fertilization
A
union of male sperm and female egg
5
Q
fertilize
A
penetration of the egg by the sperm
6
Q
suffix - ule
A
small
7
Q
root - molec
A
mass
8
Q
molecule
A
very small particle consisting of two or more atoms held tightly together
9
Q
molecular
A
pertaining to a molecule
10
Q
root - organ
A
structure with specific function in a body system
11
Q
organelle
A
part of cell having specialized functions
12
Q
suffix - elle
A
small
13
Q
organism
A
any whole living plant or animal
14
Q
suffix - ism
A
condition or process
15
Q
tissue
A
collection of similar cells
16
Q
zygote
A
17
Q
as a zygote divides it carries out these basic life functions:
A
1 manufacture proteins and lipids
2 production and use of energy
3 communication with other cells
4 replication of DNA
5 reproduction of itself
18
Q
organelle
A
small structures of the cytoplasm that cary out special metabolic tasks
19
Q
nucleus
A
functional center of a cell that directs the cells activities, forms the 46 chromosomes from DNA
20
Q
nucleolus
A
small mass found in the nucleus composed of DNA and is involved in the manufacture of proteins from simple materials in a process called anabolism
21
Q
anabolism
A
the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones (proteins from simple materials)
22
Q
mitochondria
A
produce energy by breaking down compouds like glucose and fat in a process called catabol
23
Q
root - anabol
A
build up
24
Q
root - catabol
A
break down
25
catabolism
the breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as part of metabolism
26
root - chrom/o
color
27
chromosome
body in the nucleus that contains DNA genes
28
suffix - ism
process or condition
29
root - cyt/o
cell
30
suffix - plasm
something formed
31
cytoplasm
clear gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell except for the nucleus
32
deoxyribonucleic acid
source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes
33
suffix - lyte
soluble
34
electrolyte
substance that when dissolved in a suitable medium forms electrically charged particles
35
root - plasm
something formed
36
root - reticul
fine net, network
37
suffix - um
structure
38
prefix - endo
inside
39
endoplasmic reticulum
structure inside a cell that synthesizes steroids, detoxifies drugs, and manufactures cell membranes
40
hormon
chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ
41
prefix - intra
within
42
root - cellul
small cell
43
intracellular
within the cell
44
lipid
general term for all types of fatty compounds ie cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids
45
root - membran
cover skin
46
metabolism
the constantly changing physical and chemical process occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism
47
root - metabol
change
48
root - mit/o
thread
49
root - chondr
granule
50
mitochondria
(plural of mitochondrion) organelles that generate store and release energy for cell activities
51
nuclear
pertaining to a nucleus
52
protein
class of food substance based on amino acids
53
ribonucleic acid RNA
the information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules
54
root - ster
solid
55
suffix - oid
resembling
56
steroid
large family of chemical substances found in many drugs, hormones, and body components
57
karyotype
picure of human chromosomes lined up in pairs
58
DNA is composed of
adenosine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
59
nucleotide
base formation of a sugar and phosphate
60
chromatin
DNA that forms chromosomes during cell division
61
root - chrom/a
color
62
prefix - de
without
63
prefix - oxy
oxygen
64
root - ribo
ribose
65
root - nucle
nucleus
66
root - acid
acid, low ph
67
epigenetics
the study of disorders produced by the effects of chemical compounds or environmental influences on genes
68
gene
the function unit of heredity on a chromosome
69
root - gen
to create
70
root - ome
body
71
genome
a complete set of chromosomes
72
helix
a spiral of necleotides in the structure of dna
73
root - heredit
inherited through genes
74
heredity
the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
75
hereditary
(adj) transmissible from parent to offspring
76
root - hist
tissue
77
suffix - one
chemical
78
histone
a simple protein found in the cell nucleus
79
karyotype
the chromosome characteristics of an individual cell
80
mitosis
cell division to create two identical cells each with 46 chromosomes
81
mutation
a permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome
82
phenotype
manaifestation of a genome
83
root - pheno
appearance
84
cytogenetics
the study of chromosome abnormalities in a cell
85
gene therapy
technique to replace a mutated gene that causes disease with a healthy copy
86
predictive medicine
looks at the probability of a disease
87
dysmorphology
study of developmental structural defects
88
prefix - dys
difficult, bad
89
root - morph/o
form
90
embryo
developing organism from conception to the end of the eighth week.
91
fetus
human organism from the end of the eighth week to birth
92
root - dict
consent
93
suffix - ive
quality of
94
therapy
systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder
95
theraputic
relating to the treatment of a disease
96
connective tissue
binds supports protects fills spaces and stores fat
97
epithelial tissue
protects secretes absobs and excretes
98
muscle tissue
tissue consisting of contractile cells
99
nervous tissue
transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception, motor actions.
100
histology
the study of the structure and function of tissues
101
bones
the hardest connective tissue
102
cartilage
flexible rubbery tissue matix that allows it to function as a shock absorber and gliding surface (latin - gristle)
103
ligaments
strips or band of fibrous tissue made of collagen fibers that hold connect two structures (joints)
104
tendons
thick strong ligaments that attach muscles to bone (latin -sinew)
105
joint capsule
fibrous connective tissue surounding a join or other structure
106
cruciate
shaped like a cross
107
root - hist/o
tissue
108
matrix
substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together
109
meniscus
disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint
110
nutrient
a substance in food required for normal physiologic function
111
sufix - ent
end result
112
root - nutri
nourish
113
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering a bone
114
root - oste
bone
115
synovial
pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid
116
root - ovi
egg
117
organ
a structure composed of several tissues that work together to carry out specific functions.
118
organ system
a group of organs with a specific collective function ie digestion circulation respiration
119
urinary organ system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
120
11 organ systems
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervouse
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
digestive
respiratory
urinary
reproductive
121
integumentary organ system
skin hair nails sweat glands sebaceous glands
122
skeletal organ system
bones ligaments cartilage
123
muscular organ system
muscles
124
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
125
endocrine organ system
glands that secrete hormones: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal, thymus
126
cardiovascular organ system
heart, blood vessels
127
lymphatic organ system
lymph vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen
128
digestive organ system
mouth, tongue, teeth salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestines
129
respiratory organ system
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
130
reproductive organ system
scrotum, testes, epididymides, vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourthral glands, urethra, penis
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
131
root - digest
break down food
132
root - crine
to secrete
133
digestion
breakdown of food into elements
134
endocrine
gland that produce an internal or hormonal substance
135
root - home/o
the same
136
suffix - stasis
standstill, control
137
root - integument
covering of the body
138
lymph
clear fluid collected from the body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation
139
nervous system
the whole integrated nerve apparatus
140
respiration
the process of breathing
141
skeleton
bone framework of the body
142
arthroscopy
therapeutic procedure to examine the inside of a joint
143
collagen
major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone
144
root - coll/a
glue
145
anatomy
study of the structure of the human body
146
root - ana
apart from
147
suffix - tomy
process of separating
148
transverse
horizontal plane of the body - dividing across x axis
149
sagittal
vertical plane of the body dividing across y axis
150
frontal
vertical plan of the body dividing across z axis
151
coronal
vertical plan of the body dividing across z axis
152
root - anter
before, front part
153
caudal
pertaining to or near the tailbone
154
root - caud
tail
155
cephalic
pertaining to or near the head
156
root - cephal
head
157
root - coron
crown
158
distal
situated away from the body
159
root - dist
away from the center of the body
160
dorsal
pertaining to the back or situated behind
161
root -dors
back
162
root - infer
below
163
root - later
side
164
root - medi
middle
165
medial
near the middle of the body
166
root - poster
back part
167
prone
lying face down flat on your bell
168
proximal
situated nearest to the center of the body
169
root - proxim
nearest to the center
170
root -sagitt
arrow
171
root - super
above
172
supine
lying face up flat on your spine
173
ventral
pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly
174
root -ventr
belly
175
LUQ
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT
176
LLQ
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT
177
RLQ
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT
178
RUQ
RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT
179
CRANIAL CAVITY
contains the brain within the skull
180
cavaty
hollow space or body compartment
181
cranium
the skull
182
quadrant
one quarter of a circle, one of four regions
183
spine
the vertebral column or a short bony projection
184
thorax
the part of the trunk between the abdomen and the neck
185
umbilicus
pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
186
graft
transportation of living tissue
