Ch3.

Question 0

What are the two groups of bacteria that prokaryotic group included?

Answer 0

Eubacteria, archaebacteria

Question 1

What is the basic unit of life ?

Answer 1

A cell

Question 2

What are two classified cells in broad category of biology?

Answer 2

Prokaryote, Eukaryotes

Question 3

What are the four kingdoms of Eukaryotes ?

Answer 3

Animal, plants, fungi, protist

Question 4

Plasma membrane, an outer membrane of a cell, that regulates what enters and exits a cell, is made of bilayer of — —.

Answer 4

Phospholipids

Question 5

In the structure of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have — — and —.

Answer 5

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm

Question 6

What is the most prominent organelle within the eukaryotic cell?

Answer 6

Nucleus, a membrane-enclosed structure in which DNA is found.

Question 7

— is the random movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, until they equally distributed.

Answer 7

Diffusion

Question 8

— is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Active transport, a molecule moving from a lower to higher concentration, requires a protein carrier and the use of cellular energy obtained from the breakdown of —.

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

During —, a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates, or forms a pouch, to envelope a substance and fluid.

Answer 10

Endocytosis

엔도시토시스: 세포막의 함입에 의하여 외계로부터 물질을 끌어들이는 작용

Question 11

— involves the inward pinching of the plasma membrane to form vesicles.

Answer 11

Endocytosis

Question 12

The name of the type of endocytosis that brings molecules and liquids into the cell is —.

Answer 12

Pinocytosis

Question 13

Chromosomes are composed of compacted DNA and proteins referred to —.

Answer 13

Chromatin

Question 14

— respiration can occur without the presence of oxygen.

Answer 14

Anaerobic

Question 15

The — joins with amino acids to form protein.

Answer 15

Ribosome

Question 16

The digestion of fats produces — which can be converted to pyruvate to enter glycolysis.

Answer 16

Glycerol

Question 17

— is a combination of DNA and proteins that forms visible chromosomes during cell division.

Answer 17

Chromatin

Question 18

What is the process of cellular respiration ?

Answer 18

Glycosis - citric acid cycle - electron transfer chain

Question 19

The — of an enzyme reaction is another name for reactant.

Answer 19

Substrate

Question 20

Cellular respiration that requires oxygen is called — respiration.

Answer 20

Aerobic

Question 21

Which process produce lactate by moving hydrogen and electrons to pyruvate molecules?

Answer 21

Fermentation

Question 22

Both cilia and flagella are composed of what type of cytoskeletal component ?

Answer 22

Microtubules

Motor molecule powered by ATP, allow microtubules in cilia and flagella to interact and bend and, thereby, move.

Question 23

The regulation of microtubule assembly is under the control of a microtubule organizing center called —.

Answer 23

Centrosome

In cytoskeleton, microtubules are much larger than actin filament (made of protein called actin). Intermediate filaments are in size between microtubules and actin filaments.

Question 24

Protein channels that allow water molecules to freely cross membrane are —.

Answer 24

Aquaporin

Question 25

Fermentation can give us a burst of energy for a short time, but it produces only — ATP per glucose molecules.

Answer 25

Two

Question 26

The ribosomal RNA for ribosome is produced by —.

Answer 26

Nucleolus

Question 27

The — are subcellular membranous structures with special functions within the cell.

Answer 27

Organelles

Question 28

Enzymes have a specific region, called — —, where substrates are brought together so they can react. An enzyme’s specificity is caused by the shape of the — —.

Answer 28

Active site

Active site

Question 29

Mitochondria are often referred to as the power houses of the cell because the energy process of the cell that takes place there is —.

Answer 29

Cellular respiration

Question 30

Products from a previous reaction can be the — for the next reaction in a long process called metabolic pathway.

Answer 30

Reactants

Question 31

— are prokaryotic cells that first evolved within inhospitable environment found on the earth.

Answer 31

Archaea

Question 32

Why is pyruvate a pivotal in cellular respiration ?

Answer 32

When oxygen is available, the molecule enters the mitochondria and is completely broken down.

Question 33

Nonprotein molecules that help enzyme is called —.

Answer 33

Coenzymes

Question 34

Feedback that slows down a metabolic pathway so that no more product is produced than is needed is called — —.

Answer 34

Feedback inhibition

Question 35

Living cells cannot be viewed with the electron microscope due to —,—,—.

Answer 35

The use of a vacuum
The use of metal coating
Slicing of specimens

Question 36

When blood cells burst due to water intake it is called —, and when they shrink it is called —.

Answer 36

Hemolysis, crenation

Question 37

ATP production occurs at folds on the membrane of the mitochondria called the —.

Answer 37

Cristae

Question 38

As cell become larger in volume the proportionate amount of surface area is increase / stays the same / decrease

Answer 38

Decrease.

Question 39

The — of an enzymatic reaction is another name for reactant.

Answer 39

Substrate

Question 40

The regulation of molecule assembly is under the control of a microtubule organizing center called the —.

Answer 40

Centrosome

Question 41

When blood cells burst due to water intake, it is called —, and when they shrink it is called —.

Answer 41

Hemolysis, crenation

Question 42

The digestion of fats produces —, which can be converted to pyruvate to enter glycolysis.

Answer 42

Glycerol

Question 43

— and — control the process of osmosis.

Answer 43

Osmotic pressure, tonicity

Question 44

Cytoskeleton consists of —, —, —.

Answer 44

Microtubules, actin filament, intermediate filament

Question 45

Microtubules are organized by —.

Answer 45

Centrosomes