ch3 - functions and structure of the skin Flashcards
(246 cards)
1
Q
integumentary system
A
skin and its associated organs -
hair follicles, finger nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
2
Q
functions of the skin
A
Protection - uv rays, microbes and toxins
water resistance - leaking in or out
temperature regulation
vitamin D regulation
sensation - nerve endings detect pressure, temperature, vibration
excretion and secretion - water and waste
social functions - refelects emotions; blushing, pale
3
Q
vasodilation
A
capillaries in the skin opens up or dilates - when too hot
4
Q
vasoconstriction
A
capillaries in the skin narrow, decrease blood flow, body retains heat
5
Q
root - cutan/e
A
skin
6
Q
cutaneous
A
pertaining to the skin
7
Q
root - dermat/o
A
skin
8
Q
prefix - ex
A
out of, away from
9
Q
root - crete
A
seperate
10
Q
suffix - ion
A
action
11
Q
excrete
A
to pass waste products of metabolism out of the body
12
Q
excretion
A
removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body
13
Q
flora
A
the population of microorganism covering the exterior and interior surface of healthy animals
14
Q
root - integument
A
covering of the body
15
Q
prognosis
A
forecast of the probably future course and outcome of a disease
16
Q
prefix - pro
A
projecting forward
17
Q
root - gnosis
A
knowledge
18
Q
root - secret
A
produce
19
Q
secrete - secretion
A
production by cells of a physiologically active substance and its movement out of the cell
20
Q
synthesis
A
the proces of building a compound from different elements
21
Q
prefix - syn
A
together
22
Q
root - thesis
A
to organize, arrange
23
Q
root - thet
A
arrange, organize
24
Q
synthetic
A
built up or put together form simpler compounds
25
prefix - ultra
beyond
26
ultraviolet
lights rays at a higher frequency than the violet end of the spectrum
27
epidermis
the most superficial layer of the skin
28
keratinocytes
layers of squamous cells of the skin
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keratin
a tough scaly protein that is also the basis for your hair and nails - shields your body from harmful elements like chemicals and bacteria
30
dermis
thicker connective tissue layer beneath the epidermis - contains abundance of collagen fibers sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles and nail roots
31
hypodermis - subcutaneous tissue lair
subcutaneous fat (adipose tissue) nerves and larger blood vessels - regulates body temperature and helps protect your vital organs.
32
adipose
containing fat
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suffix - ose
full of
34
intradermal
within the dermis
35
root - adip
fat
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prefix - intra
within
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intramuscular
within the muscle
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squamous cell
flat scale like epithelial cell
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subcutaneous
below the skin
40
superficial
situated near the surface
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transdermal
going across or through the skin
42
prefix - trans
across. through
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wheal
small itchy swelling of the skin
44
sebaceous gland
secretes into the hair follicle an oily acidic sebum which mixes with broken down keratin cells to lubricate the hair and skin, waterproofing and protecting from bacterial and fungal infection
45
hair matrix
base of a hair follicle
46
sweat glands
3-4 million scattered all over the skin, with clusters on palms soles and forehead. main fucntion is to produce watery perspiration to cool the body. some open directly to skin others to the hair follicles
47
nails
made of closely pack thin dead skin cells that are filled with parallel fibers of hard keratin
48
cuticle
nonliving epidermis at base of finger and toe nails
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follicle
sphereical mass of cells containing a cavity or small culdesac
50
matrix
the formative portion of a hair or nail or tooth
51
sebaceous glands
glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete a waxy fluid calld sebum
52
sebum
waxy secretion of the sebaceous gland
53
dermatitis
an inflammatory condition of the skin, often presents as swollen red rash with pruritus with a potential to form vesicles
53
types of dermatitis
eczema
atopic or allergic
contact dermatitis
stasis dermatitis
54
root - all
strange, other
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root - erg
work, activity
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suffix - ergy
process of working
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suffix - gen
to produce
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allergen
substance producing a hypersensitivity reaction
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atopy
state of hypersensitivty to an allergen
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atopic
pertaining to an allergy
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eczema
inflammatory skin disease, often with serous discharge
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eczematous
pertaining to eczema
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excoriate
to scratch
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excoriation
scratch mark
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prefix - ex
away from
66
root - cori
skin
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suffix - ation
process
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pruritus or pruiritic
itching or itchy
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root - prurit
itch
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rash
skin eruption
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stasis
stagnation in the flow of any body fluid
72
vesicle
small sac containing liquid - blister
73
basal
bottom layer
73
basal cell carcinomas
most common and least dangerous - does not metastasize
74
malignant melanoma
least common but most dangerous skin cancer. Arises in melanin and metastasizes quickly. if neglected the cancer is fatal
75
squamous cell carcinoma
arises from the cells in the middle layer- responds to surgical removal but can metastasize to lymph glands if neglected
76
decubitus ulcer (pressure ulcer)
can arise from a low blood supply due to pressure on to areas of bony projection
77
congenital lesions
a birthmark caused by abnormal pigmentation or proliferation of blood vessels called a nevus
78
types of infections of the skin
viral
fungal
parasitic
bacterial
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viral skin infections
warts - human papilloma virus
Varicella-zoser virus - chickenpox, herpes zoster, shingles
80
carcinoma
a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor
81
root - carcin
cancer
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suffix - oma
tumor, mass
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root - genit
bring forth
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congenital
present at birth
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prefix - con
with
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root - cubitus
laying down
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root - ulcer
sore
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herpes zoster (shingles)
painful eruption of vesicles that follows a nerve root on one side of the body
89
macule
small flat spot or patch on the skin
90
malignant
tumor that invades surrounding tissues and metastasized to distant organs
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malignancy
state of being malignant
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root - malign
harmful, bad
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suffix - ancy
state of
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melanoma
malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin
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root - melan
black pigment
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suffix - oma
tumor mass
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root - stasis
stagnate, stay in one place
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prefix - meta
beyond subsequent to
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suffix - ize
affect in a specific way
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root - stat
stationary
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metastasis
spread of a disease from one part of the body to another
102
metastasize
to spread to distant parts
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metastatic
pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize
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nevus - nevi (pl)
congenital lesion of the skin
105
papillomavirus
virus that causes warts and is associated with cancer
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root - papill/o
papilla, pimple
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papule
small circumscribed elevation on the skin
108
verruca -- verrucae (pl)
wart caused by a virus
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tinea
skin infection caused by fungi
110
tinea pedis
athletes foot - itching, redness, peeling of the skin
111
tinea capitis
ring worm on the scalp
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tinea corporis
ringworm on the body
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tinea cruris
jock itch - infection of the groin
114
candida albicans
yeastlike fungus infection of the skin nails and mucous membranes
115
parasite
an organism that lives in contact with and feeds off another
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infestation
parasitic invasion
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root - candid
candida
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candida
a yeastlike infection
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candididiasis
infection with a yeastlike fungus
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thrush
another name fo infectino with candida
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candida albicans
most common form of candida
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carbuncle
infection of many hair follicles in a small area often on the back of the neck
123
cellulitus
infection of subcutaneous connective tissue
124
root - cellul
cell
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suffix - itis
inflammation
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contagious
can be transmitted from person to person or surface to person
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fungus - fungi (pl)
general term used to describe yeasts and molds
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impetigo
infection of the skin producing thick yellow crusts
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infection
invasion of the body by disease producing microorganisms
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infectious
capable of being transmitted or a disease caused by the action of a microorganism
131
root - infect
internal invasion, infection
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root - infest
invade
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louse - lice
parasitic insect
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mucocutaneous
junction of skin and mucous membrane, ie the lips
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root - muc/o
mucous membrane
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root - cutan/e
skin
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root - fasc/i
fascia
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root - necr/o
death
139
suffix - ing
quality of
140
necrotizing fasciitis
inflammation of fascia producing death of the tissue
141
scabies
skin disease produced by mites
142
tinea
general term for a group of related skin infections caused by different species of fungi fungal infection of the scalp
143
root - capit
head
144
root - corpor
body
145
root - crur
leg
146
root - ped
foot
147
root - vers/i
to turn
148
tinea versicolor
fungal infection of the trunk in which the skin loses pigmentation.
149
toxin
poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism
150
root - tox
poison
151
toxicity
the state of being poisonous
152
collagen
a fibrous protein comprises 30#of your total body protein.
153
SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease that occurs mostly in women - skin lesions in a butterfly shaped pattern - can also affect organs, kidnes brain heart lungs and joints
154
psoriasis
itchy flaky red patches of skin
155
vitiligo
pale irregular patches of skin
156
acne
inflammatory diseas of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
157
root - andr/o
male
158
androgen
hormone that promotes masculine characteristics
159
autoimmune
diseases in which the body makes antibodies directed against its own tissues.
160
prefix - auto
self
161
root - immune
protected from
162
comedo. - comedones (pl)
(white head or blackhead)
too much sebum and too many keratin cells block the hair follicle to produce the comedo
163
cyst
abnormal fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane
164
cystic
pertaining to a cyst
165
dandruff
scales in hair from shedding of the epidermis
166
etiology
the study of the causes of a disease
167
root - eti/o
cause
168
kaposi sarcoma
a form of skin cancer seen in patients with HIV
169
pustule
small protuberance on the skin containing pus
protuberance -something that protrudes from something else
170
rosacea
persisten erythematous rash of the central face
171
scar
fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals
172
scleroderma
thickening and hardening of the skin
173
root - scler/o
hard
174
seborrhea. - seborrheic (pl)
excessive amount of sebum
175
symptom
departure from the nomral health experience by the patient
176
systemic lupus erythematosus
inflammatory connective tissue disease affecting the whole body
177
root - system
the body as a whole
178
root - erythemat
redness
179
suffix - osus
condition
180
vitiligo
non pigmented white patchs on otherwise normal skin
181
alopecia
thinning of the hair
182
hyperhidrosis
an uncontrollable overproduction of sweat
183
onychomycois
fungal infection of the nail
184
paronychia
infection alongside the nail
185
prefix
alongside
186
root - onyc
nail
187
diascopy
a finger or microscope slide is pressed against a lesion to see if it blanches (loses color)
188
cultures
using swaps taken from lesions and implanted in growth medium used to diagnose viruses and certain bacteria
189
biopsy
excision of a whole lesion or shaving of the lesion for microscopic examination
190
photodynamic therapy (PDT)
series exposing the skin to in acne to high intensity blue light creating a toxic environment in which bacteria in the sebaceous glands cannot live. Can also be used on precancerious lesions called actinic keratoses
191
laser therapy
used to manage birthmarks, vascular lesions, warts, and skin disorders like vitiligo
192
chemical peels
acid solution such as glycolic, salicylic or carbolic acid apple to ares of the skin to reduce fine lines and wrinkles, treat sun damage, and reduce age spots and dark patches
193
cryotherapy - crysurgery
liquid nitrogen is applied to treat acne, scars, sebaceous plaques, and some skin cancers.
194
actinic
pertaining to the sun
195
root - actin
ray
196
root - bi
life
197
suffix - opsy
removing tissue from a living person for a laboratory examination
198
prefix - dia
through
199
root - scopy
to examine
200
root - kerat
horny (not that kind!)
201
keratosis - keratoses (pl)
epidermal lesion of circumscribed overgrowth of the horny layer
202
melasma -
patchy pigmentation of the skin
203
pigment
a coloring matter or stain
204
hypopigmentation
below normal melanin relative to the surrounding skin
205
root - kerat/o
horn
206
cream
emulsion of oil and water
206
solution
powder dissolved in water or alcohol
207
lotions
powder mixed with oil and water
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gels
semisolid emulsion in an alcohol base
209
ointments
homogenous semisolid preparation
210
first degree burn (superficial)
involves only the epidermis and produce superficial inflammation, with redness pain and slight edema. healing 3-5 days, no scaring, but desquamation (peeling) often occurs
211
second degree burn (partial thickness)
involves the epidermis and dermis, but leave some of the dermis intact. produces redness, blisters, and severe pain. healing 2-3 weeks, minimal scarring
212
third degree burn (full thickness)
involves epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissues, which are often completely destroyed. Healing takes a long time and involves skin grafts.
213
fourth degree burn
destroys all layers of the skin and involve underlying tendons muscles and sometimes bones
214
allograft or homograft
graft taken from another person
215
autograft
graft taken from another location of the patients body-not rejected by the immune system
216
xenograft or heterograft
a graft from another species such as pig for heart valves
217
debridement
the removal of injured or necrotic tissue
218
root - bride
rubbish
219
suffix - ment
resulting state
220
prefix - de
take away
221
desquamation
the peeling of outer layer of skin shedding of epidermis
222
eschar
burnt dead tissue on top of a third degree burn
223
suffix - ory
having the function of
224
root -graft
transplant
225
lentigo - langtiginess (pl)
age spot, small flat brown black spot in the skin of older people
226
shock
sudden physical, or mental, or circulatory collapse
227
prefix - xeno
foreign
228
keloid
excessive fibrosis and scar tissue producing raised irregular lump shiny skin
229
abdominoplasty
tummy tuck - removal of excess subcutaneous fat from the abdominal wall
230
suffix - plasty
surgical repiar
231
abrasion
are of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off
232
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the eyelid
233
root - blephar
eyelid
234
clot
mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound
235
dermabrasion
removal of upper layers of the skin by rotary brush
236
laceration
a tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma not a cut
237
root - lacer
to tear
238
lipectomy
surgical removal of adipose tissue
239
liposuction
surgical removal of adipose tissue using suction
240
root - lip/o
fat
241
root - suct
suck
242
suffix - ectomy
surgical excision
243
