Flashcards in Ch.3: Matter and Energy Deck (41)
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1
______, anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
2
Matter is ultimately composed of _____, submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter
atoms
3
_________ two or more atoms joined to one another in specific geometric arrangements
molecules
4
The 3 common states of matter are
solid
liquid
gas
5
4 Characteristics of Solid
closed together
definite shape
definite volume
incompressible
6
4 Characteristics of LIquid
close together
indefinite shape
definite volume
incompressible
7
4 Characteristics of Gas
far apart
indefinite shape
indefinite volume
compressible
8
Solid matters may be __________, in which case its atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order
crystalline
9
_________ its atoms do not have a long range order (rubber, plastic, glass)
amorphous
10
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
element
11
a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions. MORE COMMON
compound
12
______________ mixture the composition varies from one region to another
heterogenous
13
___________ mixture the composition is the same throughout
homogenous
14
A ________ property is one that a substance displays without changing its composition. SHAPE, PHYSICAL STATE, SIZE, APPEARANCE, ODOR, TASTE, MELTING POINT, BOILING POINT, DENSITY can go back
PHYSICAL
15
A _________ property is one that a substance displays only through changing its composition. CORROSIVENESS, FLAMMABILITY, ACIDITY, AND TOXICITY
CHEMICAL
16
the capacity to do work
energy
17
The result of a force acting on a distance
work
18
______ ___ ________ ___ ______: states that energy is neither created nor destroyed
law of conservation of energy
19
_________ _______: energy assosciated with motion
kinetic energy
20
the energy assosciated with its position or composition
potential energy
21
ENERGY CONVERSION: cal= joules
1 calorie
4.184 joules
22
ENERGY CONVERSION Cal= cal
1 Cal
1000 calories
23
the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degrees celcius
calorie (cal)
24
objects with high potential energy tend to be
unstable
25
Chemical reactions that RELEASE ENERGY (HEAT) are
exothermic
26
Chemical reactions that ABSORB ENERGY are
endothermic
27
a measure of its thermal energy
temperature
28
which has units of energy, is the transfer or exchange of the thermal energy caused by temperature difference
heat
29
TEMPERATURE SCALE: Fahrenheit
Freezing point
boiling point
room temperature
32 degrees
212 degrees
72 degrees
30
TEMPERATURE SCALE: Celsius
Freezing point
boiling point
room temperature
0 degrees
100 degrees
22 degrees
31
TEMPERATURE SCALE: Kelvin
Freezing point
boiling point
room temperature
273
373
295
32
CONVERSION EQUATIONS: Fahrenheit to Celsius
C= 5/9(F-32)
33
CONVERSION EQUATIONS: Celsius to Fahrenheit
F= 9/5 (C) + 32
34
CONVERSION EQUATIONS: Celsius to Kelvin
K= C +273
35
The _____ ________ of a substance is the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of a given amount of the substance by 1 degree celcius.
heat capacity
36
EQUATION OF HEAT:
heat= mass * specific heat capacity * change in temperature
37
EQUAATION OF SPECIFIC HEAT
Specific Heat= Heat/ (Mass* Change of Temp)
38
used to calculate the energy value of food
calorimeter
39
1 carb = __ kcal
4
40
1 fat = ___ kcal
1
41
