CH.4 Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the 5 characteristics of life?

Answer 1

1. Exchanging materials with the environment
2. Obtain energy from organic molecules
3. Synthesize complex organic molecules
4. Reproduce
5. Respond to stimuli

Question 2

What is the basic unit of life and why?

Answer 2

Cells, because they are the smallest thing that has all 5 characteristics of life

Question 3

What are the levels of structural organization and provide an example for each.

Answer 3

1. Cells (blood cells, bone bells, nerve cells, etc.)
2. Tissue (connective, epithelial, muscle and nerve)
3. Organs (heart, kidney, skin, brain etc.)
4. Organ systems (body has 11, muscular, circulatory, digestive, etc.)
5. Organism (bacteria, amoeba, humans)

Question 4

Structure and function of cell membrane

Answer 4

composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Selectively permeable membrane surrounding cell

Question 5

Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

tubes and membranes that are continuous with outer membrane of nucleus. 2 types, rough and smooth ER

rough ER contains ribosomes to synthesizes and transport protein to golgi apparatus
smooth ER synthesizes and transports lipids, drug detoxification

Question 6

Structure and function of Ribosomes

Answer 6

synthesize protein
free ribosomes are floating in cytosol and bound membranes are in roughER

Question 7

Structure and function of Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

flattened membrane sacs that accept, package and send products throughout the cell or even outside

Question 8

Structure and function of Vesicles

Answer 8

Membrane bound sacs containing molecules
acts as storage and protection for molecules travelling throughout cell

Question 9

Structure and function of Lysosomes

Answer 9

small sacs surrounded by a single membrane
contain enzymes involves in digestion and breakdown of bacteria and old organelles

Question 10

Structure and function of Mitochondria

Answer 10

double membrane organelle filled with highly folded inner membrane
powerhouse of cell creates ATP

Question 11

Structure and function of the nucleus

Answer 11

structure inside cell containing DNA
has ability to create RNA

Question 12

Structure and function of chromosomes

Answer 12

long DNA strands with protein and genes, we have 23 pairs
carry genes that transmit genetic info onto next generations

Question 13

what is metabolism and the two different kinds

Answer 13

metabolism is any chemical process in the cell
catabolic - breakdown of structures
anabolic - building of structures

Question 14

What is cell division

Answer 14

ability of one cell to divide into 2 separate cells
gametes and red blood cels do not do this

Question 15

What is cell growth

Answer 15

The ability to grow larger, especially after cell
division

Question 16

what is cell differentiation

Answer 16

Process by which unspecialized cells become more specialized in structure and function.

It allows the body to increase efficiency and divide labour

Question 17

what is a stem cell

Answer 17

has the ability to produce additional stem cells rather than becoming further specialized.`

Question 18

Describe characteristics and functions of Nerve cells

Answer 18

conducts an electrical impulse from one part of the body to
another part

Question 19

Describe characteristics and functions of muscle cells

Answer 19

A muscle is designed to pull on a bone or to collapse a tube or sac

Question 20

Describe characteristics and functions red blood cells

Answer 20

The function of the red blood cell is to carry oxygen to different parts of the body

Question 21

Describe characteristics and functions white blood cells