ch.40

Question 1

adventitious

Answer 1

abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs

Question 2

alveoli

Answer 2

small air sacs at the end of the terminal bronchioles that are the site of gas exchange

Question 3

angina

Answer 3

a temporary imbalance between the amount of oxygen needed by the heart and the amount delivered to the heart muscles

Question 4

arterial blood gas

Answer 4

a diagnostic test examining arterial blood; used to determine the pressure exerted by oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 5

atelectasis

Answer 5

incomplete expansion or collapse of a part of the lungs

Question 6

atria

Answer 6

upper chambers of the heart

Question 7

bronchial

Answer 7

those heard over the larynx and trachea are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds, with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration

Question 8

bronchodilators

Answer 8

medication that relaxes contractions of smooth muscles of the bronchioles

Question 9

bronchovesicular

Answer 9

normal breath sounds heard over the mainstem bronchus; they are moderate blowing sounds, with inspiration equal to expiration

Question 10

capnography

Answer 10

a method to monitor ventilation and, indirectly, blood flow through the lungs

Question 11

crackles

Answer 11

fine, crackling sounds made as air moves through wet secretions in the lungs

Question 12

diffusion

Answer 12

tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is established

Question 13

endotracheal tube

Answer 13

inserted through the nose or the mouth into the trachea, using a laryngoscope as a guide

Question 14

hyperventilation

Answer 14

condition in which there is more than the normal amount of air entering and leaving the lungs

Question 15

hypoventilation

Answer 15

decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs

Question 16

hypoxemia

Answer 16

deficient oxygenation of blood

Question 17

hypoxia

Answer 17

inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells

Question 18

ischemia

Answer 18

deficiency of blood in a particular area

Question 19

perfusion

Answer 19

process by which oxygenated blood passes through body tissues

Question 20

oxygenation

Answer 20

the process of providing cells with life-sustaining oxygen

Question 21

sputum

Answer 21

respiratory secretion expelled by coughing or clearing the throat

Question 22

subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 22

air gets into tissues under the skin

Question 23

tracheostomy

Answer 23

artificial opening made in the trachea through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted

Question 24

What happens to intrapulmonic pressure when air is breathed in?

Answer 24

by increasing lung volume, intrapulmonic pressure decreases and air moves from high to low (lungs to outside)

Question 25

What makes up the upper airway?

Answer 25

nose, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis

Question 26

Purpose of upper airway

Answer 26

warm, filter, and humidify air

Question 27

What makes up the lower airway?

Answer 27

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 28

Purpose of lower airway

Answer 28

clear mucus, conduct air, produce surfactant

Question 29

surfactant

Answer 29

reduces surface tension between alveoli and preventing collapse

Question 30

vesicular

Answer 30

low pitched soft sound during expiration heard over most of the lungs

Question 31

crackles

Answer 31

occur when air moves through airways that contain fluid

Question 32

total lung capacity

Answer 32

amount of air in lungs at max. inspiration

Question 33

vital capacity

Answer 33

amount of air displaced by max. exhalation

Question 34

residual volume

Answer 34

amount of air left in lungs at max. expiration