ch.41

Question 1

acidosis

Answer 1

condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

Question 2

alkalosis

Answer 2

condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

Question 3

anions

Answer 3

ion that carries a negative electric charge

Question 4

autologous transfusion

Answer 4

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

Question 5

capillary filtration

Answer 5

passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries

Question 6

cations

Answer 6

ion that carries a positive electric charge

Question 7

colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 7

pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body
-draws fluid into the blood and prevent excess fluid loss

Question 8

cross matching

Answer 8

act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

Question 9

dehydration

Answer 9

decreased water volume in body tissue, electrolyte change

Question 10

edema

Answer 10

buildup of fluid

Question 11

electrolytes

Answer 11

substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution
-minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge

Question 12

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

Question 13

hypercalcemia

Answer 13

excess of calcium

Question 14

hyperchloremia

Answer 14

excess of chloride

Question 15

hyperkalemia

Answer 15

excess of potassium

Question 16

hypermagnesemia

Answer 16

excess of magnesium

Question 17

hypernatremia

Answer 17

excess of sodium

Question 18

hyperphosphatemia

Answer 18

above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Question 19

hypervolemia

Answer 19

excess of plasma, excessive retention of water
-fluid overload

Question 20

hypocalcemia

Answer 20

insufficient calcium

Question 21

hypochloremia

Answer 21

insufficient chloride

Question 22

hypokalemia

Answer 22

insufficient potassium

Question 23

hypomagnesemia

Answer 23

insufficient magnesium

Question 24

hyponatremia

Answer 24

insufficient amount of sodium

Question 25

hypophosphatemia

Answer 25

below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

Question 26

hypovolemia

Answer 26

deficiency of blood plasma -caused by blood loss or burns

Question 27

ion

Answer 27

atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

Question 28

solute

Answer 28

substance dissolved in a solution

Question 29

solvent

Answer 29

liquid holding a substance in solution

Question 30

intracellular fluid

Answer 30

fluid within cells (70%)

Question 31

extracellular fluid

Answer 31

fluid outside cells (30%)

Question 32

solvent

Answer 32

liquids that hold a substance in solution

Question 33

solutes

Answer 33

gets dissolved in a solvent

Question 34

third space fluid shift

Answer 34

distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces -fluid goes from blood to interstitial space

Question 35

homeostasis

Answer 35

total cations equal to total anions

Question 36

sodium

Answer 36

controls and regulates volume of body fluids

Question 37

potassium

Answer 37

chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content -helps regulate heart contractions

Question 38

calcium

Answer 38

blood clotting, nerve impulse, muscle contraction

Question 39

magnesium

Answer 39

metabolism of carbs and proteins

Question 40

chloride

Answer 40

maintains osmotic pressure in blood

Question 41

nonelectrolytes

Answer 41

molecules in the bodys chemical compounds that remain intact

Question 42

active transport

Answer 42

requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from lesser to high concentration

Question 43

capillary filtration

Answer 43

passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from high to low

Question 44

carbonic acid sodium bicarbonate buffer

Answer 44

most important, buffers as much as 90% of the hydrogen of ECF

Question 45

interstitial to plasma shift

Answer 45

movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood