Ch.8: Metabolism Flashcards
Some organisms even convert energy to light, as in
bioluminescence
Energy of motion
*Includes thermal energy (energy of moving molecules)
kinetic energy
Stored energy
Energy that is not doing work but has the capacity to do so
*Including the energy in chemical bonds
potential energy
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy can change from one form to another
Total amount of energy remains the same
Second Law of Thermodynamics
A closed system moves toward increasing disorder (entropy) as energy is dissipated from the system
Living systems are
open systems
What are open systems
Maintain organization and increase it during development
Energy drives these organizational processes
All of an organism’s chemical reactions are called its
metabolism
begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
metabolic pathway
Each step is catalyzed by a specific
enzyme
is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction
Lowers the required energy needed to begin a reaction
catalyst
An enzyme’s activity can be affected by
General environmental factors, such as temperature and pH
Chemicals that specifically influence the enzyme
are metabolic pathways that involve the breakdown of a large substance into a smaller one.
Cellular respiration, the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen, is an example
catabolic pathway
are metabolic pathways that involve small reactants combining into a larger product.
The synthesis of protein from amino acids is an example
anabolism
proceeds with a net release of free energy
Usually catabolic reactions are XXXXX
Provides energy to conduct work
exergonic
