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HOSA Dental Science > Chairside Assisting/Instruments > Flashcards

Chairside Assisting/Instruments Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

What is Class I Movement?

A

Movement of the fingers only

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2
Q

What is Class II Movement?

A

Movement of the fingers and wrist

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3
Q

What is Class III Movement?

A

Movement of fingers, wrist, and elbow

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4
Q

What is Class IV Movement?

A

Use of the entire arm and shoulder

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5
Q

What is Class V Movement?

A

Use of entire upper torso

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6
Q

What is the operator’s zone?

A

the area where the person who completes the procedure is seated

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7
Q

What is the transfer zone?

A

the area where instruments and dental materials are exchanged between the dental assistant and the dentist

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8
Q

What is the assistant’s zone?

A

where the dental assistant is positioned

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9
Q

Which zone is the assistant’s mobile cabinet or rear delivery countertop located in?

A

The assistant’s zone

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10
Q

What is the static zone? What does it hold?

A

located directly behind the patient, holds equipment

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11
Q

Which hand does the dental assistant use for transfering materials, handpieces, and instruments?

A

the left hand

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12
Q

What does the assistant’s right hand do?

A

kept free to suction and to ready the next transfer of materials

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13
Q

What classifications of movement are used for the transfer of instruments?

A

Class I, II, and III

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14
Q

What is the position of use for the mandibular arch?

A

directing the working end of the instrument downward

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15
Q

What is the position of use for the maxillary arch?

A

directing the working end of the instrument upward

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16
Q

What are the three basic grasps?

A

pen, palm, palm-thumb

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17
Q

When transfering the mirror and explorer to the dentist, what hands should a right handed assistant use for each instrument?

A

Left - explorer
Right - mirror

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18
Q

What is a fulcrum?

A

A finger rest

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19
Q

What is the handle of an instrument?

A

where the operator grasps

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20
Q

What is the shank of the instrument?

A

where the working end is connected to th9e handle

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21
Q

What is the working end of the instrument?

A

the point of the instrument with a specific function

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22
Q

What do the 3 numbers of G.V. Black’s formula represent for hand cutting and scaling instruments?

A
  1. Blade’s Width
  2. Blade’s Length
  3. Angle
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23
Q

What order is the procedure tray set up? Why?

A

left to right, in sequence of how instruments are used in the procedure

since the assistant uses left hand to move materials, most frequently used instruments should be placed closer

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24
Q

What is the most used instruments?

A

examination instruments

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25
What is the basic tray setup to be used for every procedure?
mouth mirror, the explorer, and cotton forceps
26
What is the order of instruments on the tray?
first, the basic tray second, hand/manual cutting instruments
27
What is a rotary?
a part or device that rotates around an axis
28
When were rotary instruments introduced to dentistry>
1940s
29
When was the air-driven turbine handpiece introduced?
1950s
30
What is the speed of the low-speed handpiece?
10k-30k rpm
31
What 3 versions can the low-speed handpiece be adapted to?
straight handpiece attachment contra-angle handpiece attachment prophy attachment
32
What is the speed of a high-speed handpiece?
450k rpm
33
What method is used to hold a bur into a high-speed handpiece?
friction-grip
34
What is the use of a high-speed handpiece?
for most restorative procedures and endodontics, fixed prosthodontics, and oral surgery
35
What is the use of a low-speed handpiece?
laboratory, removal of soft decay, polishing. coronal polishing of teeth
36
What is the ultrasonic handpiece?
mechanical radiant energy of water and sound vibrations to create a pulsating effect on the tooth
37
What is the use of an ultrasonic handpiece?
used for scaling and root planing
38
What does the laser handpiece use to operate?
a fiber-optic cable that extends from the console to the handpiece
39
What is the use of a laser handpiece?
reshaping tissues, decay, teeth whitening
40
What is the main disadvantage of laser handpieces?
cannot be used on teeth with restorations already in place, and can take longer
41
What does the air abrasion handpiece use to operate?
aluminum oxide particles through a small probe?
42
What is the speed of a laboratory handpiece?
20k rpm
43
What is the most common cause of handpiece problems?
improper cleaning and lubrication
44
What are the three parts of a rotary cutting instrument?
shank, neck, and head
45
What are the 3 basic shank styles of a rotary instrument?
straight, latch-type, friction-grip
46
What is the straight shank?
the long, straight shank held in place by a locking mechanism in the low-speed handpiece
47
What is the latch-type shank?
has a small groove at the end that mechanically locks into the contra-angle attachment.
48
What is the friction-grip shank?
short and smooth, has no retention groove, held in the high-speed handpiece
49
What was the original material for burs, and what replaced it?
were made out of steel, switched to a tungsten carbide
50
What is the purpose of a round diamond bur?
to provide access to the pulp chamber
51
What is the purpose of a flat end taper diamond bur?
to reduce tooth structure during a crown prep
52
What is the purpose of a flame diamond bur
to reduce tooth structure in crown prep
53
What is the purpose of a wheel diamond bur
to make subgingival bevels in crown prep
54
What are the most common finishing burs?
round, tapered, or flame
55
Whats the difference between lab rotary vs dental burs?
laboratory burs are much larger
56
What is the most common bur in Laboratories?
acrylic burs
57
What are the two main oral evacuation systems?
Saliva ejector and High-Volume Evacuator (HVE)
58
What is the saliva ejector?
a small, straw shaped evacuator
59
When is a saliva ejector used?
during less-invasive dental procedures, to remove liquids, not solid
60
What is the shape of the saliva ejector's tube in a stationary position?
candy cane
61
What is the purpose of the HVE?
remove saliva, blood, water, and debris
62
How is the HVE held?
thumb-to-nose or pen grasp
63
What is limited area rinsing?
performed frequently throughout procedure as debris accumulates, and for quick inspection
64
What is the full-mouth rinse used?
after a long procedure when the patient's entire mouth needs freshening
65
What are the minimums and maximums for topical anesthetics?
min: 15-30 max: 60-120
66
What are the 2 groups for dental local anaesthetics?
amides and esters
67
What are amides?
maintain the standards by which all other local anesthetics are measured metabolized by liver
68
What are esters?
used as topical anesthetics metabolized by plasma
69
What are the three main ingredients of local anesthetic?
local anesthetic drug sodium chloride distilled water
70
What does "induction" mean in anesthetics?
length of time from injection of anesthetic to complete conduction blockage
71
What does "duration" mean in anesthetics?
length of time from induction until reversal process
72
What are the 3 categories of anesthetics, and how long do they last?
short- 30m intermediate- 60m long- 90m
73
What does a vasoconstrictor do in anesthetics?
agent that when combined with anesthetic slows down the uptake of an anesthetic agent into the bloodstream and increases the duration
74
What are the common ratios of vasoconstrictors to anesthetic?
1:20k 1:50k 1:100k 1:200k
75
What is local infiltration?
completed by injecting the anesthetic directly into the soft tissue area of the nerve endings
76
What does field block mean?
injecting near a larger terminal nerve branch affecting a larger surface of the operative field
77
What does nerve block mean?
when local anesthetic is injected close to a main nerve trunk
78
What are the 3 nerve blocks?
posterior superior alveolar anterior superior alveolar nasopalatine
79
How large is an injection needle?
1 or 1 5/8 inch
80
What is lumen?
the hollow section of a needle
81
What is gauge?
the thickness/size of a needle
82
How do you identify needle size based on gauge?
the larger the gauge, the thinner the needle
83
What is done by the dentist to ensure that local anesthetic is NOT injected in a blood vessel?
aspirate
84
What is paresthesia?
a condition where numbness lasts after the local anesthetic has worn off
85
What is inhalation sedation?
nitrous oxide/oxygen (N₂O/O₂) analgesia
86
How is N₂O/O₂ sedation administered, and how fast does it take effect?
It is administered through a nosepiece, and the effects are felt almost immediately.
87
What is the safest maximum allowable amount of N2O in the dental environment?
50 ppm
88
What color cylinder is N2O and O2?
N2O - blue O2 - green
89

HOSA Dental Science (11 decks)

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