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Med Term - Exam 2 > Chap 10 Textbook Notes > Flashcards

Chap 10 Textbook Notes Flashcards

1
Q

cerebrum

A

thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory

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2
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for sensory impulses, control of awareness and consciousness

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3
Q

hypothalamus

A

body temp, sleep, appetite, emotions, control pituitary gland

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4
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

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5
Q

pons

A

connection of nerves (to eyes and face)

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6
Q

medulla oblongata

A

Nerve fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system

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7
Q

afferent nerve

A

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerve)

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8
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

astrocyte

A

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from
capillaries

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10
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and
internal organs

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11
Q

axon

A

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

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12
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells. This makes it difficult for substances (such as anticancer drugs) to penetrate capillary walls and enter the brain

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13
Q

brainstem

A

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the
spinal cord; includes the pons and medulla oblongata.

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14
Q

cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

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15
Q

cerebellum

A

Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

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16
Q

cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain

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17
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part of the brain

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18
Q

dendrite

A

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to
receive the nervous impulse.

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19
Q

dura mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

efferent nerve

A

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

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21
Q

ependymal cell

A

Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.

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22
Q

ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.

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23
Q

glial cell

A

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous
impulses.

Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells,
and oligodendrocytes. Glial cells can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons.

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24
Q

gyrus

A

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution.

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25
Q

myelin sheath

A

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.

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26
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

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27
Q

parenchyma

A

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. The parenchyma of the nervous system includes the neurons and nerves that carry nervous impulses

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28
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord: cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves.

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29
Q

pia mater

A

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.

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30
Q

plexus

A

Large, interlacing network of nerves

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31
Q

stroma

A

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain.

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32
Q

sulcus

A

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.

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33
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times
of stress

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34
Q

synapse

A

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

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35
Q

vagus nerve

A

Tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X); its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach

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36
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

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37
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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38
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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39
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

40
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

41
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells

42
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

43
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

membranes, meninges

44
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord (bone marrow)

45
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

46
Q

pont/o

A

pons

47
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

48
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

49
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (refers to the meninges)

50
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

51
Q

alges/o, -algesia

A

excessive sensitivity to pain

52
Q

-algia

A

pain

53
Q

caus/o

A

burning

54
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep (coma)

55
Q

esthesi/o, -esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation

56
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

  • kinesia, -kinesis,
  • kinetic
A

movement

57
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

58
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

59
Q

-paresis

A

weakness

60
Q

-phasia

A

speech

61
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

62
Q

-praxia

A

action

63
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

64
Q

syncop/o

A

to cut off, cut short

65
Q

tax/o

A

order, coordination

66
Q

hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain.

67
Q

spina bifida

A

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect).

  • cystica
  • occulta
68
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning.

69
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstem.

70
Q

epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

71
Q

Huntington disease

Huntington chorea

A

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration.

72
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its
replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

73
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles.

74
Q

palsy

A

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function).

75
Q

Parkinson disease

parkinsonism

A

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement.

Michael J. Fox

76
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal
sounds; and inappropriate words

77
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

78
Q

meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

79
Q

human immunodeficiency

virus (HIV) encephalopathy

A

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS.

80
Q

cerebral concussion

A

Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head.

Clears w/in 24 hrs

81
Q

cerebral contusion

A

Bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

Neuro deficits persist longer than 24 hrs

82
Q

cerebrovascular accident

CVA

A

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Thrombotic - blood clot in artery leaving the brain

Embolic - dislodged clot that travels to cerebral arteries

Hemorrhagic - blood vessel breaks

83
Q

migraine

A

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache.

84
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

A

Magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord.

85
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

Radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

86
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

87
Q

electroencephalography

EEG

A

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain.

88
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

89
Q

stereotactic radiosurgery

A

Use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets in the brain.

90
Q

Hemiplegia

A

1/2 same side

91
Q

Paraplegia

A

Top 1/2 of the body

92
Q

Quadriplegia

A

All 4 extremities

93
Q

Seizures

A

Grand Mal “big bad”

Tonic Clonic - loss of consciousness

94
Q

Anesthesia

A

No feeling

95
Q

Paresthesia

A

Abnormal sensation

Med Term - Exam 2 (6 decks)

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